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Editorial
Special Article
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Occupational stress (KOSS®19): scale development and validation in the Korean context
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Hansoo Song, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Inah Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh, Hee-Tae Kang, Da-Yee Jeung, Dae-Sung Hyun, Chunhui Suh, Sei-Jin Chang
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2025;37:e12. Published online May 7, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e12
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 Abstract
Abstract in Korean
 PDF Supplementary Material
- Background
The Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) was developed in 2004. During this time, industrial structures have evolved, and societal awareness of occupational stress has changed. This study aims to develop and validate a revised version of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS®19), tailored for workers, reflecting these changes.
Methods
The KOSS®19 was developed based on the 26-item KOSS–short form (SF) through a review by eight experts. A survey was conducted including 359 service industry workers, comprising the KOSS®19, Burnout, and Depression scales. The KOSS®19 subscales were restructured, and their reliability and validity were evaluated.
Results
The KOSS®19 composed of eight subscales: hazardous physical environment (2 items), high job demand (3 items), insufficient job control (2 items), low social support (2 items), job insecurity (2 items), organizational injustice (4 items), lack of reward (2 items), and work-life imbalance (2 items). The reliability and validity of the KOSS®19 were found to be satisfactory.
Conclusions
The KOSS®19 is a suitable tool for assessing occupational stress, effectively replacing the original KOSS and KOSS-SF.
- 직무 스트레스: 한국적 맥락에서의 척도 개발 및 타당화
목적
한국형 직무스트레스 척도(KOSS)가 2004년에 개발된 이후 산업 구조가 변화하고 직무 스트레스에 대한 사회적 인식도 달라졌다. 본 연구는 이러한 변화를 반영하여 한국형 직무스트레스 척도 개정판(KOSS®19)을 개발하고 타당성을 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
방법
KOSS®19는 기존의 26문항 KOSS-SF를 기반으로 8명의 전문가 검토를 거쳐 개발되었다. 서비스업 종사자 359명을 대상으로 KOSS®19, 소진(Burnout) 척도, 우울 척도를 포함한 설문조사를 실시하였으며, KOSS®19의 요인을 재구성하고 신뢰도 및 타당도를 평가하였다.
결과
KOSS®19는 8개 요인으로 구성되었다: 위해물리환경(2문항), 높은직무요구 (3문항), 직무자율성결여(2문항), 낮은사회적지지(2문항), 직업불안정(2문항), 조직불공정(4문항), 보상부적절(2문항), 일-삶의불균형 (2문항). KOSS®19의 신뢰도 및 타당도는 만족할 만한 수준으로 확인되었다.
결론
KOSS®19는 직무 스트레스를 평가하는 데 적절한 도구로, 기존 KOSS 및 KOSS-SF를 효과적으로 대체할 수 있다.
Special Article
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Workplace Violence (KWVS®13): scale development and validation in the Korean context
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Da-Yee Jeung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Hansoo Song, Inah Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh, Hee-Tae Kang, Dae-Sung Hyun, Chunhui Suh, Sei-Jin Chang
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2025;37:e14. Published online May 7, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e14
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
PDFSupplementary Material
- Background
Workplace violence refers to any act or threat of physical violence, verbal abuse, harassment, intimidation, bullying, mobbing, or other aggressive and disruptive behaviors that occur at work. This study aims to develop and validate a revision of the Korean Workplace Violence Scale (KWVS®13), based on the first edition of the Korean Workplace Violence Scale (KWVS-24), and to provide practical applications and guidelines for the Korean workplace environment.
Methods
The revised KWVS®13 was developed by restructuring the 24-item KWVS through a review process involving eight experts. To validate the reliability and validity of KWVS®13, a self-administered survey comprising KWVS®13, burnout, and depression scales was conducted among 359 service industry workers. KWVS®13 was reclassified, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to establish sex-specific cutoff values (normal vs. risk) of the scale.
Results
KWVS®13 consists of 13 items across four subscales: “psychological and sexual violence from customers” (4 items), “psychological and sexual violence from supervisors or coworkers” (4 items), “physical assault from customers, supervisors, or coworkers” (2 items), and “organizational protective system for workplace violence” (3 items). We found that KWVS®13 shows relatively good validity (content validity ratio for content validity: 0.888; success rate of item convergent and discriminant validity: 100%, and significant correlation coefficient with burnout (r = 0.115–0.83, p < 0.05) and depression (r = 0.098–0.348, p < 0.05) with the exception of Organizational Violence Protection System for Workplace Violence) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.827–0.860). The reference values for determining risk groups according to the intensity of exposure to workplace violence are presented separately by sex.
Conclusions
KWVS®13 is a robust and useful measurement tool to objectively and quantitatively assess the intensity and magnitude of workplace violence. It incorporates important considerations for workplace violence assessment and provides a reliable framework for evaluating workplace violence in various professional settings.
- 직장폭력: 한국적 맥락에서의 척도 개발 및 유용성 평가
배경
직장폭력은 업무수행과정에서 발생하는 신체적 폭력, 언어 폭력, 괴롭힘, 협박, 따돌림, 집단 따돌림 또는 기타 공격적이고 파괴적인 행동의 모든 행위 또는 위협을 의미한다. 본 연구는 한국형 직장폭력 측정도구 제1판 (KWVS-24)을 기반으로 한 한국형 직장내 폭력 척도 개정판 (KWVS®13)을 개발하고 유용성 평가를 통해, 한국의 직장 환경에 대한 실무적용과 활용지침을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
방법
개정된 KWVS®13은 8명의 전문가가 참여하는 검토 과정을 통해 24개 항목의 KWV-24를 재구성하여 개발되었다. 측정 도구의 신뢰성과 타당성을 검증하기 위해 KWVS®13, 소진 및 우울증 척도를 사용하여 359명의 서비스 산업 종사자를 대상으로 유용성 평가를 수행하여 재 분류하였고, 그 신뢰성과 타당성을 평가하였다. ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) 분석을 수행하여 성별 참고치(정상 대 고위험군)를 제시하였다.
결과
KWVS®13은 고객의 정신적/성적 폭력(4개 항목), 직장 내 정신적/성적 폭력(4개 항목), 직장/고객의 신체적 폭행(2개 항목), 폭력 보호체계(3개 항목)의 4개 하위 척도에 걸쳐 13개 항목으로 구성되어 있다. KWVS®13은 상대적으로 양호한 타당도 (CVR: 0.888, 항목 수렴 및 판별 타당성의 성공률: 100%), 소진 (r=.115- .83, p<0.05) 및 우울증(r=.098- .348, p<0.05, 폭력 보호체계 제외) 및 신뢰도 (Cronbach’s α: 0.827 - 0.860)를 보였다. 직장폭력에 대한 노출 강도에 따른 위험군을 결정하기 위한 참고치는 성별에 따라 제시하였다.
결론
KWVS®13은 직장폭력의 강도와 규모를 객관적이고 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 강력하고 유용한 측정도구로서 직장폭력 평가 시 고려되어야 할 중요 차원들을 반영하여 다양한 직무 환경에서 직장폭력을 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 유용한 측정도구이다.
Research Article
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Association between Workplace Risk Factor Exposure and Sleep Disturbance: Analysis of the 2nd Korean Working Conditions Survey
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Yong-Seok Heo, Sei-Jin Chang, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem, Sung-Hwan Jeon, Bum-Joon Lee, Kyung-Yong Rhee, Hwan-Cheol Kim
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:41. Published online December 27, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-41
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Sleep is essential for human beings to live and work properly. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occupational exposures to workplace risk factors and sleep disturbance in Korean workers. MethodsThe data were drawn from the second Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS); a total of 7,112 paid workers were analyzed. The independent variables were occupational exposures such as physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial risk factor in the workplace, and psychosocial risk factor was divided into five categories (job demand, job control, social support, job insecurity, lack of reward). We estimated the relationship between various occupational exposures and sleep disturbance using multivariate logistic regression analysis. ResultsThe results showed that people who exposed to physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial (high job demand, inadequate social support, lack of reward) risk factors were more likely to increase the risk of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics, we found significant positive associations between exposures to physical (odds ratios [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.07) and psychosocial (high job demand (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.16-3.98), inadequate social support (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14-2.15), lack of reward (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08-1.96)) risk factors and sleep disturbance. ConclusionThese results suggest that occupational exposures to physical and psychosocial workplace risk factors are significantly related to sleep disturbance.
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Citations
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