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Original Article
Analysis of shark meat consumption patterns among young and middle-aged women in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea, using community health survey data
Soyoung Son, Junmin Seong, Chulyong Park, Kiook Baek, Joon Sakong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2025;37:e26.   Published online September 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e26
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDF
Background
Mercury, particularly in its methylmercury form, significantly affects neurological and developmental functions. In Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea, blood mercury levels are elevated due to high fish consumption, especially shark meat. Vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, are at increased risk as methylmercury can cross the placenta and accumulate in breast milk. This study aimed to investigate the risks of mercury exposure from shark meat consumption among young and middle-aged women in Gyeongsangbuk-do.
Methods
The data of women aged 19–55 years from the 2018 Gyeongsangbuk-do Community Health Survey were included. Survey questions focused on frequency and amount of shark meat consumption, as well as pregnancy status, recent childbirth, and breastfeeding status. The Complex Sample Analysis was used to determine the prevalence and risk of overconsumption. Weekly mercury intake was calculated for respondents who reported their body weight, and the population size exceeding Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS)’s threshold was estimated.
Results
Regions where the consumption rate of shark meat exceeds the average for Gyeongsangbuk-do are found to be distributed in the southeastern part of the province. Population estimates revealed that approximately 9,895 women aged 19–55, including 255 who had breastfed in the past year, consumed shark meat exceeding the recommended intake. Based on the maximum recorded mercury concentration (8.93 μg/g), an estimated 2,645 women surpassed the JECFA’s mercury exposure threshold, while 845 exceeded the MFDS’s threshold.
Conclusions
In young and middle-aged women of Gyeongsangbuk-do, approximately 7.1% exceed the single intake limit, while up to 1.9% exceed the JECFA’s provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and 0.6% exceed the MFDS’s PTWI, suggesting considerable risk that warrants monitoring and guidance. More stringent advisory measures regarding shark meat consumption and updated standards on mercury concentration in shark meat are essential for young and middle-aged women in the province.
지역사회건강조사 데이터를 이용한 경상북도지역 청년-중년기 여성의 상어고기 섭취 행태 분석
목적
수은, 특히 메틸수은 형태의 수은은 신경 및 발달 기능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 수은이 기타 어류보다 더 높게 축적된 상어고기는 경상북도에서 전통적으로 소비되고 있으며, 경상북도 지역 주민의 혈중 수은 농도가 타 지역에 높게 관찰된 바 있다. 임산부와 어린이와 같은 취약 계층은 메틸수은이 태반을 통과하여 모유에 축적될 수 있기 때문에 상어고기를 섭취에 대한 위험이 더 높다. 본 연구는 2018년 지역사회건강조사 자료를 활용하여, 경상북도 내 청년-중년기 성의 메틸수은 노출에 대한 잠재적 위해도를 조사하고자 하였다.
방법
2018년 경상북도 지역사회 건강조사에 참여한 19~55세 여성 데이터를 바탕으로 상어고기 섭취 특성을 분석하였다. 설문 문항은 상어고기 섭취 여부, 빈도, 섭취량을 포함하였으며, 임신 여부, 최근 출산 여부, 모유 수유 여부를 확인하였다. 복합 표본 분석을 통해 상어고기 섭취 인구 비율과 모집단을 추정하고, 섭취 빈도와 섭취량의 평균 및 최대값을 산출하였다. 체중을 보고한 응답자를 대상으로 주간 수은 섭취량을 계산하였으며, 이를 통해 JECFA와 식약청의 규제 기준을 초과한 인구 규모를 추정하였다.
결과
경상북도 남동부 지역(영천시, 경주시, 청도군, 군위군, 경산시 등)의 상어고기 섭취율이 경상북도 평균 섭취율보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 모집단 추정 결과, 19~55세 여성 약 9,895명과 지난 1년간 모유 수유를 한 255명이 권장 섭취량을 초과하여 상어고기를 섭취한 것으로 나타났다. 경상북도에서 기록된 최대 수은 농도(8.93 µg/g)를 기준으로, 약 2,645명의 여성이 FAO/WHO JECFA의 수은 노출 기준을 초과하였으며, 845명은 식약청 기준을 초과한 것으로 추정되었다.
결론
인구 추정치를 고려하면, 메틸수은 노출에 대한 민감 집단인 청년-중년기 여성 중 약 7.1%는 1회 섭취 기준, 1.9%는 JECFA PTWI, 0.6%는 식약청 PTWI를 초과해 모니터링과 지도가 필요한 수준의 위험으로 보인다. 가임기 여성의 상어고기에 섭취에 대하여는 지역사회 수준의 적극적 홍보 및 상어고기 내의 수은에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다.
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[Special Collection] Paid Sick Leave and Sickness Benefits: Toward the Right to Rest When Sick

Review
The status and implications of paid sick leave and sickness benefits in OECD countries
Jaehoon Lee, Jinwoo Lee, Sang Baek Koh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2025;37:e21.   Published online July 28, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e21
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary Material
The experience of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the importance of paid sick leave and sickness benefits, and is creating an international movement to introduce or improve real-world systems. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries except Korea and the United States already have statutory paid sick leave or sickness benefits, with the United Kingdom extending statutory paid sick leave to low-income workers in 2025, and Ireland introducing statutory paid sick leave in 2023. In the United States, 19 states, including Minnesota in 2024 and Alaska and Missouri in 2025, as well as the District of Columbia, have introduced statutory paid sick leave (as of December 2024). Furthermore, an analysis of 33 OECD countries with statutory paid sick leave or sickness benefits suggests that 21 countries comply with the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention standards for adequacy of benefits and comprehensiveness of coverage, while six countries with social assistance have high comprehensiveness of coverage but low adequacy of benefits. There was not a single country with a program that had low levels of both benefit adequacy and coverage. In Korea, the pilot sickness benefit program has been extended until 2027, and the system has been delayed. The principles of benefit adequacy and coverage comprehensiveness must be upheld for the purpose and intent of the program to ensure adequate care and rest. Consequently, in addition to adhering to the standards outlined in the ILO Convention, the implementation of paid sick leave should be codified in legislation to enhance employer accountability.
OECD국가의 유급병가와 상병급여 현황과 시사점
코로나19팬데믹의 경험은 유급병가와 상병급여의 중요성을 재조명하는 계기가 됐으며, 실제 제도를 도입하거나 개선하는 국제적 흐름을 만들어지고 있다. 이미 한국과 미국을 제외한 OECD 국가가 법정 유급병가나 상병급여를 운영하고 있으며, 영국은 2025년부터 저소득노동자에 대한 법정 유급병가 적용을 확대했으며, 아일랜드 역시 2023년 법정 유급병가제도를 도입했다. 미국 역시 2024년 미네소타와 2025년 알래스카, 미주리를 포함해 18개 주와 워싱턴DC에서 법정 유급병가제도를 도입했다(2024.12월 기준).
또한 법정 유급병가나 상병급여를 시행 중인 OECD 33개국 분석 결과, 21개국이 ILO협약에서 제시하고 있는 급여 적절성과 대상 포괄성 기준을 준수하고 있으며, 사회부조 유형의 6개국은 대상 포괄성은 높지만 급여 적절성은 낮았다. 특히 제도를 시행 중인 국가에서 급여 적절성이나 대상 포괄성 모두 낮은 국가는 하나도 없었다.
한국은 상병수당 시범사업이 2027년까지 연장됐고, 제도 도입 역시 늦춰진 상태다. 충분한 치료와 휴식을 보장하는 제도 목적과 취지를 위해서는 급여 적절성과 대상 포괄성의 원칙이 지켜져야 하며, 이를 위해 ILO 협약 기준 준수와 함께, 유급병가 도입과 함께 사용자의 책무를 강화하는 내용을 법률에 명시할 필요가 있다.
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Original Article
Development of standard job classification codes for building a job-exposure matrix for police officers
Sangjun Choi, Ju-Hyun Park, Inah Kim, Jungwon Jang, Jeehee Min, Sang Baek Koh, Seongwon Kim, Yeji Sung, Kyoung Yoon Ko, Su Min Oh, Un-Yeol Jeon
Ann Occup Environ Med 2025;37:e10.   Published online April 28, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e10
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary Material
Background
This study aimed to develop standard job categories for constructing a job-exposure matrix (JEM) for police officers in South Korea and to evaluate their applicability.
Methods
We examined standard job codes related to police personnel management and compared them with job classifications from police publications. Using R Shiny, we developed a web-based search tool for standard codes. A pilot survey of 130 police officers assessed the codes' applicability and relevance to health-related hazardous factors.
Results
Eighty-seven standard functional codes used in the police personnel management system POOL were organized into minor categories as the basic units of standard jobs. These were grouped into 20 sub-major categories and further consolidated into 10 major categories to develop the standard job codes. The responses to the standard job codes in the pilot survey were 75% accurate compared with the final expert evaluation results and 99.2% accurate compared with the algorithm-based automatic allocation results. The results of the job-hazardous factor network analysis revealed that the most frequently reported hazardous factor was emotional labor, followed by night shifts and electromagnetic waves. Emotional labor was identified as the top hazardous factor in six out of the nine standard job categories.
Conclusions
The standard job codes developed in this study were designed in connection with the personnel management system for police officers, making them well-suited for constructing a comprehensive JEM for the entire police force.
경찰관 직무-노출 매트릭스 구축을 위한 표준직무 코드 개발
목적
본 연구는 한국 경찰관에 대한 직무-노출 매트릭스(JEM) 구축을 위해 표준직무 코드를 개발하고 적용 가능성을 평가하고자 실시되었다.
방법
경찰관 인사관리 시스템을 검토하고, 경찰청 공식 발간물 및 조직도상의 직무관련 분류 체계를 검토하였다. R Shiny를 활용하여 웹 기반 표준코드 검색기를 개발하였고, 130명의 경찰관을 대상으로 시범 설문을 통해 경찰관들이 표준직무 코드를 잘 선택하는지 평가하였다. 또한 소속 부서 및 기능 등의 기술내용을 활용하여 표준직무 코드를 자동할당 하는 알고리즘을 만들어 자동할당 가능성을 평가하였다.
결과
경찰관 인사관리 시스템에서 활용 가능한 직무 관련 정보를 검토한 결과 87개의 기능코드를 기반으로 20개의 중분류, 10개의 대분류 표준직무 코드를 개발하였고, 웹 기반 검색기 링크(https://kscf.shinyapps.io/pff_app/)를 통해 자세한 국문 코드명과 설명을 확인하고, 코드 검색이 가능하도록 하였다. 시범 설문 결과 응답자들의 표준직무 코드 선택 정확도는 75.4% 였고, 자동할당 결과의 정확도는 99.2%였다. 직무-유해요인 설문조사 결과 가장 많이 응답한 유해요인은 감정노동이었고, 다음으로 야간근무, 전자기파 순이었다.
결론
본 연구에서 개발한 표준직무 코드는 경찰관의 인사시스템과 연동되어 경찰관 전체에 대한 JEM 구축에 잘 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 향후 표준직무 코드를 적용한 경찰관 건강영향 관련 전수 설문조사를 통해 JEM 구축을 실시할 예정이다.
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Original Article
Occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT: using the 5th and 6th Korean Working Condition Surveys
Tae-Yeon Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Byungyoon Yun, Domyung Paek, Kyung Ehi Zoh, Kanwoo Youn, Yun Keun Lee, Yangho Kim, Jungwon Kim, Eunsuk Choi, Mo-Yeol Kang, YoonHo Cho, Kyung-Eun Lee, Juho Sim, Juyeon Oh, Heejoo Park, Jian Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e19.   Published online August 6, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e19
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary Material
Background

Accurate occupation classification is essential in various fields, including policy development and epidemiological studies. This study aims to develop an occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT.

Methods

This study used data from the 5th and 6th Korean Working Conditions Surveys conducted in 2017 and 2020, respectively. A total of 99,665 survey participants, who were nationally representative of Korean workers, were included. We used natural language responses regarding their job responsibilities and occupational codes based on the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations (7th version, 3-digit codes). The dataset was randomly split into training and test datasets in a ratio of 7:3. The occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT was fine-tuned using the training dataset, and the model was evaluated using the test dataset. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were calculated as evaluation metrics.

Results

The final model, which classified 28,996 survey participants in the test dataset into 142 occupational codes, exhibited an accuracy of 84.44%. For the evaluation metrics, the precision, recall, and F1 score of the model, calculated by weighting based on the sample size, were 0.83, 0.84, and 0.83, respectively. The model demonstrated high precision in the classification of service and sales workers yet exhibited low precision in the classification of managers. In addition, it displayed high precision in classifying occupations prominently represented in the training dataset.

Conclusions

This study developed an occupation classification system based on DistilKoBERT, which demonstrated reasonable performance. Despite further efforts to enhance the classification accuracy, this automated occupation classification model holds promise for advancing epidemiological studies in the fields of occupational safety and health.

DistilKOBERT를 기반으로 한 직업 분류 모델 개발: 제5차, 6차 한국근로실태조사를 이용하여
목적
정확한 직업분류는 정책 개발 및 역학 연구를 포함한 다양한 분야에서 중요하다. 본 연구는 자연어처리모델인 DistilKoBERT를 기반으로 한 직업 분류 모델을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다.
방법
본 연구는 2017년과 2020년에 실시된 제5차와 제6차 근로환경조사 (KWCS)의 데이터를 활용하였다. 대한민국 근로자를 국가적으로 대표하는 총 99,665명의 참가자가 포함되었고, 직무 내용과 관련된 자연어 응답과 그에 맞는 대한민국 표준직업 분류코드(7차 개정, 3자리 코드)를 연구에 사용하였다. 데이터셋은 7:3의 비율로 훈련 및 테스트 데이터셋으로 무작위로 분할되었고, 사전 학습된 DistilKoBERT을 훈련 데이터셋을 통해 파인튜닝하여 모델을 학습시키고, 테스트 데이터셋을 사용하여 그 기능을 평가하였다. 정확도, 정밀도, 재현율 및 F1 점수가 평가 지표로 계산되었다.
결과
테스트 데이터셋의 28,996명의 참가자를 142개의 직업 코드로 분류한 최종 모델은 84.44%의 정확도를 보였다. 샘플 크기를 기준으로 가중치를 적용하여 계산한 모델의 정밀도, 재현율 및 F1 점수는 각각 0.83, 0.84 및 0.83 이었다. 최종 모델은 서비스, 판매 종사자 그룹에서 높은 정밀도를 보여주었지만 관리자 그룹에서는 낮은 정밀도를 보였다. 또한 훈련 데이터셋에서 표본의 수가 많았던 직업에서 대체로 높은 정밀도를 보였다.
결론
본 연구는 DistilKoBERT를 기반으로 합리적인 성능을 보이는 직업 분류 모델을 개발하였다. 분류의 정확성을 향상시키기 위한 추가적인 노력이 필요하지만, 자동화된 직업 분류 모델은 직업 안전 및 보건 분야의 유행병 연구를 발전시키는 데 기여할 것이라 기대된다.

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  • New Trends in the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing for Occupational Risks Prevention
    Natalia Orviz-Martínez, Efrén Pérez-Santín, José Ignacio López-Sánchez
    Safety.2026; 12(1): 7.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Exploring the impact of age and socioeconomic factors on health-related unemployment using propensity score matching: results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2017)
Ye-Seo Lee, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e16.   Published online July 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e16
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary Material
Background

Previous reports showed that age and socioeconomic factors mediated health-related unemployment. However, those studies had limitations controlling for confounding factors. This study examines age and socioeconomic factors contributing to health-related unemployment using propensity score matching (PSM) to control for various confounding variables.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2015–2017. We applied a 1:1 PSM to align health factors, and examined the association between health-related unemployment and age or socioeconomic factors through conditional logistic regression. The health-related unemployment group was compared with the employment group.

Results

Among the 9,917 participants (5,817 women, 4,100 men), 1,182 (853 women, 329 men) were in the health-related unemployment group. Total 911 pairs (629 women pairs and 282 men pairs) were retained after PSM for health factors. The results of conditional logistic regression showed that older age, low individual and household income levels, low education level, receipt of the Basic Livelihood Security Program benefits and longest-held job characteristics were linked to health-related unemployment, despite having similar health levels.

Conclusions

Older age and low socioeconomic status can increase the risk of health-related unemployment, highlighting the presence of age discrimination and socioeconomic inequality. These findings underscore the importance of proactive management strategies aimed at addressing these disparities, which are crucial for reducing the heightened risk of health-related unemployment.

연령과 사회경제적 요인이 건강 관련 실업에 미치는 영향: 성향점수매칭을 활용한 한국 국민건강영양조사(2015-2017)자료 분석 결과
목적
이전 연구들에서 연령 및 사회경제적 요인들이 건강 관련 실업을 연관되어 있다는 것을 보여주었으나, 이러한 연구들은 교란 요인을 통제하는 데 한계가 있었다. 본 연구는 다양한 교란 변수를 통제하기 위해 성향점수매칭을 사용하여 건강 관련 실업에 기여하는 요인들을 분석하고자 하였다.
방법
2015년부터 2017년까지 조사된 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하였으며, 건강 관련 실업군을 취업군과 비교하였다. 우리는 1:1 성향점수매칭을 적용하여 두 군 간의 건강관련 요인을 통제하였으며, 조건부 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 통해 건강 관련 실업과 연령 및 사회경제적 요인 간의 관련성을 조사하였다.
결과
9,917명의 참가자(5,817명의 여성, 4,100명의 남성) 가운데 건강 관련 실업군은 1,182명(853명의 여성, 329명의 남성), 취업군은 5,777명(2,894명의 여성, 2,883명의 남성)이었다. 성향점수매칭 후 조건부 로지스틱 회귀의 결과, 고령, 낮은 개인 및 가구 소득, 낮은 교육 수준, 기초생활수급상태, 최장일자리의 성격이 건강 관련 실업과 연관되었다.
결론
고령과 낮은 사회경제적 지위는 건강 관련 실업의 위험을 증가시킬 수 있으며, 이는 연령 차별 및 사회경제적 불평등을 시사한다. 따라서 건강 관련 실업 위험을 완화하기 위해서는 이러한 차별을 해소하기 위한 적극적인 관리 방안이 필요하다.

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  • Relationship between breakfast skipping and hyperuricemia in Korean adults: results from KNHANES 2016–2023
    Hyungyoon Jin, Seung-Yeon Lee, Wanhyung Lee
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association Between Exposure to Age Discrimination and Nutritional Risk: Findings from a Nationwide Sample of Older Adults in South Korea
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    Nutrients.2025; 17(23): 3643.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The association of job training duration and risk of depression among wage workers: an analysis of the mediating factors
Dong Geon Kim, Dong Kyu Kim, Kiook Baek
Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e7.   Published online March 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e7
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary Material
Background

Research on job training and job satisfaction has been conducted from various perspectives. Job training is thought to be associated with job satisfaction, which is known as an important factor for depression among workers. We hypothesized that job training duration could influence depression through potential mediators (job satisfaction, motivation to work, and work engagement).

Methods

This study encompassed participants from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), conducted between 2020 and 2021. To show the relationships between demographic or occupational characteristics and risk of depression, a χ2 test was conducted. The association between job training duration, potential mediators, and risk of depression was analyzed by constructing multiple logistic regression models. The mediating effects of potential mediators on job training duration and risk of depression was evaluated with flexible mediation analysis with weighting-based methods.

Results

The final study population consisted of 25,294 participants. Longer job training duration significantly decreased risk of depression after adjusting for confounders. In the group that received the longest job training duration (≥ 10 days), compared with the group without job training, the odds ratio (OR) for high risk of depression was 0.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.54). Each three potential mediators showed statistically significant indirect effects and direct effect. Although indirect effects were not strong compared to direct effect, motivation to work had the strongest mediating effect in this study, with an OR of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.95).

Conclusions

Job training duration was found to have a statistically significant negative association on the risk of depression, and three mediators partially mediating this effect. Although the mechanism was unknown, our findings suggest that job training has a positive influence on workers' mental health. Furthermore, by suggesting the possibility of other pathways existing between job training and depression, we provide directions for future research.

임금근로자에서 직무교육과 우울증 사이의 연관성: 매개요인 분석
목적
직무교육과 직무만족도에 대한 연구는 다양한 관점에서 진행되었다. 직무교육은 직무만족도와 연관이 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 근로자들에 있어 우울증의 중요한 요인 중 하나로 직무만족도가 지목되고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 직무교육기간이 잠재적인 매개요인들(직무만족도, 직무동기, 직무열의)를 통해 우울증에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 거라는 가설을 세웠다.
방법
이 연구는 2020년부터 2021년까지 시행한 제6차 근로환경조사에서 데이터를 얻었다. 우울증과 직업적, 인구적 특성의 관계를 분석하기 위해 카이 제곱 검정을 시행하였다. 직무교육 일수와 우울증 위험도의 관계를 확인하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였으며, 잠재적 매개요인들의 매개효과를 분석하기 위해 가중치를 부여하여, flexible mediation analysis를 시행하였다.
결과
최종적으로 연구에 참여한 참가자는 25,294명이었다. 긴 직무교육을 받은 그룹일수록 유의하게 우울증의 위험도가 감소하였다. 가장 긴 교육(10일 이상)을 받은 군은 교육을 받지 않은 군에 비해 우울증 위험도의 오즈비가 0.46 (95% 신뢰구간 0.39-0.54) 였다. 각각의 매개요인들에서 간접효과와 직접효과 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다. 간접효과는 직접효과에 비해 크지 않았고, 가장 강한 간접효과는 직무동기에서, 1-3일의 직무훈련을 받은 경우, 오즈비는 0.94 (95% 신뢰구간 0.92-0.95) 였다.
결론
이 연구를 통해 직무교육은 우울증 위험도에 유의한 영향을 끼치며, 그 과정에 직무만족도와 다른 요인들이 부분적인 매개효과를 가진다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 기전을 알 수는 없었지만, 이번 연구를 통해 직무교육은 근로자의 정신건강에도 긍정적인 효과를 가진다는 것을 보일 수 있었다. 또한 직무교육과 우울증 사이의 다른 매개 경로가 있을 가능성을 제시함으로써, 추후 연구의 방향을 제시할 수 있었다.
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Original Article
Increased breast cancer incidence among nurses in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea
Juho Choi, Dong-Wook Lee, Baek-Yong Choi, Seung-Woo Ryoo, Taeshik Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e44.   Published online November 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e44
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDF
Background

A series of breast cancer cases were recently reported in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Nurses are generally exposed to risk factors for breast cancer such as night shift work, antineoplastic agents, and job strain. However, the epidemiological evidence of excess incidence among nurses remains lacking. This study aims to investigate the excess incidence of breast cancer among nurses in a tertiary university hospital and provide epidemiological evidence of occupational risk factors.

Methods

A retrospective cohort was developed using personnel records of female workers in the nursing department who worked from January 2011 to June 2021 in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Sick leave records were used to identify cases of breast cancer. The standardized incidence ratio of breast cancer among nurses was compared to the general population.

Results

A total of 5,509 nurses were followed up for 30,404 person-years, and 26 breast cancer cases were identified. This study revealed a significantly increased breast cancer incidence among all included nurses, with a standardized incidence ratio of 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.41), compared to the general population. Workers, who handle antineoplastic agents in their representative department and current and/or former department, had significantly elevated breast cancer standardized incidence ratios of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.008–5.94) and 3.39 (95% CI: 1.46–6.68), respectively.

Conclusions

This study provides significant evidence of increased breast cancer risk among nursing staff in a hospital setting, particularly those who handle antineoplastic drugs. Measures that reduce exposure to risk factors should be implemented, especially anticancer drugs, to protect healthcare professionals. Further research at a national level that focuses on healthcare workers is necessary to validate breast cancer incidence and its contributing factors.

국내 모 대학병원 내 간호노동자에서의 유방암 발병률 증가
목적
최근 서울에 위치한 모 대학병원에서 항암제를 취급하는 근무지 내 간호사 중에서 여러 건의 유방암이 진단되었다. 간호사들에 대한 직업적 위험인자로 야간 근무, 항암제 노출, 직무 스트레스 등이 파악되었다. 그러나 간호사를 포함한 의료종사자들 사이에서 유방암 발병률 증가에 대한 연구 결과는 부족하다. 본 연구는 해당 대학병원의 간호부문 근로자에서의 유방암 발병률을 일반인과 비교하여 확인함으로써, 이들의 직업적 위험요인에 대한 역학적 증거를 제공하고자 하였다.
방법
해당 대학병원의 인사기록을 활용하여 후향적 코호트 연구를 수행하였으며, 2011년 1월부터 2021년 6월까지 간호부문에서 근무한 여성 근로자를 연구대상으로 하였다. 유방암 환자들을 식별하기 위해 병가 기록이 활용되었으며, 대표적인 근무지는 근로자가 가장 오래 근무한 곳을 기준으로 결정되었다. 간호부문 근로자에서의 연령 표준화 유방암 발병률을 산출하여 일반인구와 비교하였다.
결과
본 연구에서는 간호부문 근로자 5,509명을 대상으로 코호트 연구를 수행하였다. 관찰기간은 총 30,404인년이었고, 추적 기간 동안 신규 유방암 환자 26명을 확인하였다. 전체 간호부문 근로자들에서의 일반인구 대비 유방암 표준화발생률(Standardized Incidence ratio, SIR)은 1.65 (95% CI : 1.08-2.41)로 유의한 증가를 보였다. 항암제 취급 부서가 그들의 대표부서이거나 이전에 근무했던 경험이 있는 경우, 각각 2.73배(95% CI :1.00-5.94), 3.39배(95% CI : 1.46-6.68) 높은 유방암 발병위험이 확인되었다.
결론
본 연구는 병원 내 간호부문 종사자, 특히 항암제 취급 종사자에서의 유방암 발병 위험이 일반인구 대비 유의하게 증가함을 확인하였다. 의료종사자들을 직업적 위험요인으로부터 보호하기 위해 항암제 노출 차단, 야간 근무 감소, 개인 맞춤형 건강검진이 도입되어야 할 것이다. 추후 의료종사자를 대상으로 국가 수준의 연구를 통해 이들의 유방암 발병위험과 그 기여요인에 대해 확인해야 할 것이다.
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Original Article
Association between sitting-time at work and incidence of erosive esophagitis diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a Korean cohort study
Daehoon Kim, Yesung Lee, Eunchan Mun, Eunhye Seo, Jaehong Lee, Youshik Jeong, Jinsook Jeong, Woncheol Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e15.   Published online July 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e15
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDF
Background

Most previous longitudinal studies on lifestyle and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have focused on physical activity rather than sitting time. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prolonged sitting time and the development of erosive esophagitis (EE).

Methods

A self-report questionnaire was used for measuring sitting time in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Sitting time was categorized into four groups: ≤ 6, 7–8, 9–10, and ≥ 11 hours/day. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed by experienced endoscopists who were unawared of the aims of this study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the development of EE were estimated using Cox proportional hazards analyses with ≤ 6 hours/day sitting time as the reference.

Results

There were 6,524 participants included in the study. During a mean follow-up of 3.14 years, 2,048 incident cases developed EE. In age- and sex-adjusted models, the HR in the group sitting ≥ 11 hours per day compared ≤ 6 hours per day was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.76–0.99). After further adjusting for alcohol intake, smoking status, educational level, history of diabetes, and history of dyslipidemia, sitting time was still significantly related to the risk of EE (HR, 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76–0.98). After further adjustment for exercise frequency, this association persisted (HR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76–0.98). In subgroup analysis by obesity, the relationship between sitting time and EE was only significant among participants with body mass index < 25 kg/m2 (HR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71–0.95).

Conclusions

Generally, prolonged sitting time is harmful to health, but with regard to EE, it is difficult to conclude that this is the case.

업무상 앉아 있는 시간과 식도위 십이지장 내시경으로 진단된 미란성 식도염 발병률의 연관성: 일개 한국인 코호트 연구
목적
생활습관이 역류성 식도염에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 종단 연구는 대부분 신체활동에 대한 내용이다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 하루 중 앉아 있는 시간이 Erosive esophagitis 발병에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보고자 한다.
방법
본원 건강검진센터를 방문한 수검자의 데이터를 이용하였다. Sitting time 의 측정은 설문지를 사용하였으며, 다음과 같이 총 4그룹으로 범주화하였다: ≤6, 7–8, 9–10, and ≥11 hours/day. 내시경 전문가에 의해 시행된 위내시경 소견 자료를 이용하였으며, Sitting time 이 Erosive esophagitis 발병에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하루 평균 6시간 이하 앉아 있는 그룹을 기준으로 Cox proportional hazard model 을 이용해 생존분석을 시행했다.
결과
총 6,524 명의 대상자를 평균 3.14년 추적관찰하였고, 그 결과 2,048 명의 incident cases 를 발견하였다. 연령과 성별을 보정한 모델 1에서 기준 그룹보다 하루 평균 11시간 이상 앉아 있는 그룹에서 Hazard ratio(HR) 가 0.88 (95% CI 0.76-0.99) 로 발병위험도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 음주, 흡연, 교육 수준, 당뇨병 및 고지혈증 과거력을 보정한 모델 2에서도 HR 가 0.87(95% CI 0.76-0.98) 로 발병위험도가 여전히 낮았으며, 운동 빈도를 추가로 보정한 모델 3에서도 HR 가 0.86(0.76-0.98) 으로 발병위험도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 비만 유무에 따라 층화분석을 시행하였을 때, BMI < 25 kg/m2 인 비비만 그룹에서만 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보였다. (HR = 0.82, 95% CI : 0.71–0.95).
결론
일반적으로, prolonged sitting time 은 건강에 해롭지만, 역류성 식도염에 대해서는 그렇게 결론 내리기 어렵다.

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  • Causal links between socioeconomic status, leisure sedentary behaviours and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomisation study
    Xingji Lian, Yifen Lin, Xiaohui Peng, Yanhui Wang, Ting He, Ziyong He, Wenlong Gu, Hongwu Wang, Feng He, Yuyu Huang
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2023; 77(7): 460.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Poor worker’s long working hours paradox: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018
Min Young Park, Jaeyoung Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e2.   Published online February 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e2
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDF
Background

Because income and working hours are closely related, the health impact of working hours can vary according to economic status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between working hours and the risk of poor self-rated health according to household income level.

Methods

We used the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI and VII. The information on working hours and self-rated health was obtained from the questionnaire. After stratifying by household income level, the risk of poor self-rated health for long working hour group (≥ 52 hours a week), compared to the 35–51 working hour group as a reference, were calculated using multiple logistic regression.

Results

Long working hours increased the risk of poor self-rated health in the group with the highest income, but not in the group with the lowest income. On the other hand, the overall weighted prevalence of poor self-rated health was higher in the low-income group.

Conclusions

The relationship between long working hours and the risk of poor self-rated health varied by household income level. This phenomenon, in which the health effects of long working hours appear to diminish in low-income households can be referred to as the ‘poor worker’s long working hours paradox’. Our findings suggest that the recent working hour restriction policy implemented by the Korean government should be promoted, together with a basic wage preservation to improve workers’ general health and well-being.

저소득 근로자의 장시간근무 역설: 2013-2018 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여
목적
소득과 근로시간은 서로 밀접한 관계에 있으며, 이로 인해 근로시간이 건강 상태에 미치는 영향은 경제적 상황에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 가구소득수준에 따른 근로시간과 자가 건강 평가(self-rated health) 악화 위험의 연관성에 대하여 조사하였다.
방법
국민건강영양조사 제 6기 및 제 7기 자료를 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 근로시간 및 자가 건강 평가에 대한 정보는 설문조사를 통해 조사되었다. 주당 근로시간 35-51시간 군과 비교하여 주당 근로시간 52시간 이상인 장시간 근로 군의 자가 건강 평가 악화 위험을 가구 소득 수준으로 층화하여 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 계산하였다.
결과
소득이 가장 높은 군에서는 근로시간이 길수록 자가 건강 평가 악화의 위험이 증가했으나 소득이 낮은 군에서는 유의한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 반면에 소득이 낮은 군에서는 근로시간에 관계 없이 전체적인 자가 건강 평가 수준이 낮은 것으로 관찰되었다.
결론
장시간 근로와 자가 건강 평가 악화 위험 간의 연관성은 가구소득수준에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 저소득층에서 장시간 근로의 건강 영향이 약화되어 나타나는 이러한 현상을 ‘저소득 근로자 장시간 근로의 역설’이라고 부를 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 최근 한국 정부가 시행하고 있는 근로시간 제한 정책을 추진할 때 전체 근로자의 건강과 복지를 향상시키기 위해서는 기본 임금 보전이 함께 추진되어야 함을 시사한다.

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Research Article
Relationship between long work hours and self-reported sleep disorders of non-shift daytime wage workers in South Korea: data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Hongsuk Choi, Sungho Lee, Man-Joong Jeon, Young-Sun Min
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e35.   Published online November 3, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e35
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Studies have investigated the relationship between long work hours and sleep disorders; however, they have focused on shift workers or specific workers who are at high risk of industrial accidents rather than wage workers in general. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of long work hours on sleep disorders among non-shift daytime wage workers.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. From the 50,205 total participants, we included 26,522 non-shift daytime wage workers after excluding self-employed people, business owners, unpaid family employees, and wage workers who work nights and shifts. Sleep disorders were categorized into “difficulty in falling asleep,” “frequent waking,” and “waking up with fatigue.” Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of long work hours on sleep disorders, and the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.

Results

The OR of working > 52 hours per week was 1.183 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–1.394) for the risk of developing insomnia compared with working ≤ 40 hours per week. The OR of waking up with fatigue was 1.531 (95% CI: 1.302–1.801). Long work hours showed no significant relationship with difficulty in falling asleep or with frequent waking.

Conclusions

Working for extended hours was associated with increased fatigue upon waking in non-shift daytime wage workers.


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Research Article
Validation of the Work Engagement Scale-3, used in the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Maro Choi, Chunhui Suh, Seong Pil Choi, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e27.   Published online July 16, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e27
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 3-item version of the Work Engagement Scale (WES-3), which is based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and was used in the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Methods

This study used data from the 5th KWCS (n = 50,205), which was conducted in 2017 with a sample of the Korean working population. The survey gathered comprehensive information on working conditions to define workforce changes and the quality of work and life. The reliability and internal consistency of the WES-3 were assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of work engagement. The convergent validity was assessed using the correlation with the WHO-5 well-being index. Correlations between work engagement and JD-R factors were also calculated.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha for work engagement was 0.776, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The model comprising 3 work engagement and 2 burnout items showed an excellent fit (χ2: 382.05, Tucker-Lewis index: 0.984, comparative fit index: 0.994, root mean square error of approximation: 0.043). The convergent validity was significant (correlation coefficient: 0.42). Correlations with burnout and job demands were negligible, whereas correlations with job resources and job satisfaction were weakly positive.

Conclusions

The results of our study confirm that the WES-3 has acceptable reliability and validity.


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Research Article
The relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being in Korean wage workers through the Cantril ladder Scale
Go Choi, Shin-Goo Park, Youna Won, Hyeonwoo Ju, Sung Wook Jang, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jong-Han Leem
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e11.   Published online April 17, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e11
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The global labor market is moving towards increasing job instability. Relatively few studies have examined the relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being using quantitative scales. We evaluated the association between wage workers' employment status and their subjective well-being through the Cantril ladder scale using Korean Welfare Panel Survey data (KOWEPS).

Methods

This study used KOWEPS data. A total of 4,423 wage workers were divided into permanently employed workers, temporarily employed workers and daily employed workers. The relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being was analyzed by multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounding factors.

Results

The more unstable the employment status, the lower the subjective well-being, which can be expressed by the Cantril ladder scale. The mean score of both temporarily employed and daily employed workers were statistically significantly lower (B = −0.454, p < 0.001; B = −0.994, p < 0.001, respectively) than permanently employed workers. This appeared to be the same when occupational and sociodemographic factors were adjusted (B = −0.153, p = 0.002 for temporarily employed, B = −0.610, p < 0.001 for daily employed).

Conclusions

The more unstable the employment status, the lower the subjective well-being score according to the Cantril ladder scale.


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Research Article
Distribution of age, gender, and occupation among individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome based on the National Health Insurance data and National Employment Insurance data
Il-Ho Lee, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Se-Yeong Kim, In-Ah Kim, Eun-Mi Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e31.   Published online November 7, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e31
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The present study aimed to investigate the basic characteristics of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and its differences between occupations using Korea's National Health Insurance (NHI) and National Employment Insurance (NEI).

Methods

The study participants were obtained from the NEI and NHI data from 2008 to 2015, with a diagnosis code of G560 (CTS) as the main or sub-diagnosis. Data about gender, age, diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, and length of employment, information about type of occupation, and number of employees according to age and occupation were obtained from NHI and NEI data. In total, 240 occupations were classified into blue-collar (BC) and white-collar (WC) work. In addition, each occupation was classified as high-risk and low-risk groups depending on the degree of wrist usage.

Results

The number of patients with CTS per 100,000 individuals increased with advancing age, and it was higher in women (4,572.2) than in men (1,798.5). Furthermore, the number was higher in BC workers (3,247.5) than in WC workers (1,824.1) as well as in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group in both BC workers (3,527.8 vs. 1,908.2) and WC workers (1,829.9 vs. 1,754.4). The number of patients with CTS was higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group among male and female BC workers and female WC workers. However, the number was higher in the low-risk group among male WC workers. In the BC category, the number of patients with CTS was highest among food processing-related workers (19,984.5). In the WC category, the number of patients with CTS was highest among social workers and counselors (7,444.1).

Conclusions

The results of this study are expected to help identify occupational differences in patterns of CTS. High number of patients with CTS was seen in new jobs, as well as in previous studies.


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    BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Comparison of risk-assessment tools for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in male shipyard workers: a cross-sectional study
Jea Chul Ha, Jun Seok Son, Young Ouk Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Hyun Woo Park
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e4.   Published online May 23, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e4
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Periodic revision of assessment tools is essential to ensure risk assessment reliability and validity. Despite the recent revision of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) 2018, there is no evidence showing that the revision is superior to other cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) risk-assessment tools for workplace health management. We conducted a comparative analysis using the Framingham risk score (FRS) as a gold standard to identify the most relevant CVDs risk-assessment tool for workplace health management.

Methods

We included 4,460 shipyard workers who had undergone a workers' health examination during January–December 2016. Risk levels for CVDs were calculated based on the FRS, KOSHA 2013, KOSHA 2017, KOSHA 2018 (2 methods), National Health Screening Program health risk appraisal (NHS HRA) 2017, and NHS HRA 2018. Study participants were categorized into low-risk, moderate-risk, or high-risk groups. Sensitivity, specificity, correlation, and agreement of each risk-assessment tool were calculated compared with the FRS as a gold standard. For statistical analyses, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the linearly weighted kappa coefficient were calculated.

Results

Sensitivity of the risk assessments was highest in the KOSHA 2018 (health risk appraisal [HRA]). The FRS showed correlation coefficients of 0.354 with the KOSHA 2013, 0.396 with the KOSHA 2017, 0.386 with the KOSHA 2018, 0.505 with the KOSHA 2018 (HRA), 0.288 with the NHS HRA 2017, and 0.622 with the NHS HRA 2018. Kappa values, calculated to examine the agreement in relation to the KOSHA 2013, KOSHA 2017, KOSHA 2018, KOSHA 2018 (HRA), NHS HRA 2017, and NHS HRA 2018 with the FRS, were 0.268, 0.322, 0.352, 0.136, 0.221, and 0.559, respectively.

Conclusions

The NHS HRA 2018 risk calculation method is a useful risk-assessment tool for CVDs, but only when appropriate classification criteria are applied. In order to enhance the risk-group identification capability of the KOSHA guideline, we propose to apply the classification criteria set in this study based on the risk group definition of the 2018 Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension instead of the current classification criteria of the KOSHA 2018.


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  • Comparing Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency and National Health Insurance Service’s cardio-cerebrovascular diseases risk-assessment tools using data from one hospital’s health checkups
    Yunrae Cho, Dong Geon Kim, Byung-Chan Park, Seonhee Yang, Sang Kyu Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Usefulness of Relative Handgrip Strength as a Simple Indicator of Cardiovascular Risk in Middle-Aged Koreans
    Won Bin Kim, Jun-Bean Park, Yong-Jin Kim
    The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2021; 362(5): 486.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between air pollution in the 2015 winter in South Korea and population size, car emissions, industrial activity, and fossil-fuel power plants: an ecological study
Hyeran Choi, Jun-Pyo Myong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:60.   Published online October 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0273-5
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background

Compared to 10 years ago, the ambient particulate matter 10 (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) levels in South Korea have decreased. However, compared to many other OECD countries, these levels are still too high. Concentration of air pollutants such as PM10 is especially higher during winter than during summer. The first step to rationally solving the air pollution problem in Korea is to identify the key air pollution sources during each season. This ecological study was performed to assess the association between the number of days the accepted PM10 and CO thresholds were exceeded and the concentration of potential emission sources in winter season 2015.

Methods

An emission inventory of the PM10 and CO emissions in the 232 administrative South Korean districts in January, 2015, and February, 2015 and December, 2015, and the population density, number of car registrations, number of car accidents, industrial power usage, and presence of a fossil-fuel power plant in each district was established on the basis of official web-page data from the government. For all emission source variables except power plants, the administrative districts were grouped into quartiles. Districts were also divided according to whether a power plant was present or not. Negative binomial regression was performed to assess the associations between the PM10 and CO air pollution (defined as ≥100 g/m3 and ≥ 9 ppm, respectively) and the concentration of each emission source.

Results

Compared to the districts with the lowest population density, the districts with the third highest population density associated most strongly with air pollution. This was also observed for industrial power usage. Car accident number and car registration numbers showed a linear relationship with air pollution. Districts with power plants were significantly more likely to have air pollution than districts that lacked a plant.

Conclusions

Greater car numbers, industrial activity, and population density, and the presence of fossil-fuel plants associated with air pollution in the 2015 winter in South Korea. These data highlight the contaminant sources that could be targeted by interventions that aim to reduce air pollution, decrease the incidence of exposure, and limit the impact of pollution on human health.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-018-0273-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


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    Moon-Hyun Kim
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    Xiangfeng Chen, Jing Wen, Wenjuan Wu, Qiuzhi Peng, Xiangfen Cui, Li He
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    Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(38): 88431.     CrossRef
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Research Article
The roles of doctors, nurses, and industrial hygienists in the healthcare management services in Korea: a comparison of the opinions of specialized health management institutions and entrusted enterprises
Bo-Young Jang, Dong-Mug Kang, Young-Ki Kim, Se-Young Kim, Kyung-Sun Ko
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:50.   Published online August 7, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0261-9
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

This study aimed to identify the difference of perception about the role of appointing health officers by comparing and analyzing the response of entrustment workplace (EW) and specialized health management institution (SI). This is considered an important aspect of an institutional assessment to improve the quality of health management services.

Methods

A survey questionnaire was mailed to 122 SIs and 319 EWs nationwide. The questionnaire survey was about the general characteristics of SIs and EWs and main occupations for each evaluation item. In total, 81 SIs (66.4%) and 30 EWs responded to the questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the opinions of SI and EW.

Results

Based on the analysis, the items showing statistically significant differences were as follows. Doctors’ main tasks survey: “Guidance on their wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)” (OR: 4.58), “Guidance of improvement of work environment (WE)” (OR: 3.33), etc.; Nurses’ main tasks survey: “Guidance on their wearing PPE” (OR: 3.86), “Guidance for programs on health process in confined space (CS)” (OR: 0.36), “Guidance on the hearing conservation program (HCP)” (OR: 0.28), etc.; Industrial hygienist (IH)‘s main tasks survey: “Guidance of work through inspection (WTI)” (OR: 0.15), “Guidance on the improvement of WE” (OR: 0.32), “Management confirmation of substances used by process and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)” (OR: 0.08), “Guidance on posting or keeping of MSDS and warning signs” (OR: 0.03), “Prevention of dust-induced medical problems” (OR: 0.28), “Guidance for programs of health process in CS” (OR: 0.39), etc.

Conclusions

It is necessary to educate the EWs to recognize the need for physicians to perform tasks, such as wearing a PPE, and instruction to improve WE. As for nurses’ tasks, such as education about the CS and the noise work, educating the nurses of the SI is regarded necessary as the demand of the EWs is considered. With respect to the unique tasks of IH, such as WE management and instructions for wearing PPE, among several other tasks of IH, training should be provided for improved IH recognition.


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  • Underestimation of smoking hazards and smoking cessation intervention efficiency among healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study among Korean occupational health nurses
    Jihye Lee, Saerom Lee, Woncheol Lee, Seung Hyeun Lee, Won Gun Kwack, Young Joong Kang
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    Suyoung KIM, Sanghee KIM
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    Jihye Lee, Saerom Lee, Minkyu Lee, Young Joong Kang
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Research Article
Association between cadmium and anti-Mullerian hormone in premenopausal women at particular ages
Yu min Lee, Hye Won Chung, Kyungah Jeong, Yeon-Ah Sung, Hyejin Lee, Shinhee Ye, Eun-Hee Ha
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:44.   Published online July 9, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0255-7
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in women is secreted by granulosa cells of antral follicles. AMH appears to be a very stable marker for ovarian function. It may be used to diagnosis cases of premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian tumors. It has been suggested that cadmium exposure can reduce female fecundity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether environmental exposure to cadmium was associated with alterations in AMH with regards to age.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, the data of premenopausal women living in Seoul, ranging from 30 to 45 of age was collected. The study included a total of 283 women who completed serum AMH and whole blood cadmium assessments. Linear regression analyses were used in order to examine the association between cadmium and AMH. Given that age was the strongest confounder in both cadmium and AMH concentrations, we stratified subjects by 5 years old and analyzed their data.

Results

Geometric mean concentrations of blood cadmium and AMH were 0.97 μg/L and 3.02 ng/ml, respectively. Total association between cadmium and AMH was statistically significant (adjusted coefficient = − 0.34 (0.15), p = 0.02). After stratification, the only age group with a negative association between cadmium and AMH were the women raging between 30 and 35 years (adjusted coefficient = − 0.43 (0.18), p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that environmental exposure to cadmium may alter the AMH level of premenopausal women, depending on their age group.


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Case Report
Dermal and neural toxicity caused by acrylamide exposure in two Korean grouting workers: a case report
Heeyun Kim, Sang Gil Lee, Jeongbae Rhie
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:50.   Published online October 9, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0207-7
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Peripheral neuritis caused by acrylamide is well-known, and many Korean grouting workers are frequently exposed to acrylamide in grouting agents that are injected into cracked concrete. We recently encountered two cases of dermal and neural toxicity in Korean grouting workers with exposure to grouting agents that contained a high concentration of acrylamide.

Case presentation

The first case involved a 44-year-old man with 8 years of waterproofing experience. The patient developed peeling skin on both hands while grouting, which progressed to systemic neurological symptoms, such as reduced sensory function and strength. The patient was diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy caused by acrylamide exposure, and fully recovered after conservative treatment and withdrawal of exposure to the grouting agent. The second case involved a 34-year-old man with 10 years of grouting experience. The patient initially experienced weakness in both legs, which progressed to weakness in his arms and uncontrolled phonation. After being hospitalized, he was diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia and peripheral neuropathy caused by acrylamide exposure, and was discharged after conservative treatment. Our follow-up investigation revealed that both workers were recently exposed to grouting agents that contained higher concentrations of acrylamide, compared to the agents that they had previously been using.

Conclusions

Both workers had workplace acrylamide exposure through dermal contact plus inhalation of dust and vapor, which led to the neural toxicity and dermatitis. Therefore, government studies are needed to investigate the current status of workplace acrylamide use, and to protect workers from the hazardous effects of using acrylamide-containing grouting agents.


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    Mina Homayoonfal, Danial Molavizadeh, Sara Sadeghi, Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
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    Xueyu Wang, Sisi Cheng, Guangcai Ma, Xiaoxuan Wei, Jichao Fang, Haiying Yu
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    Pengcheng Wang, Shuchen Li, Jinglong Li, Huiying Zhou, Pengfei Ma, Ye Tian, Chao Yuan, Xianda Feng
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    Yiqi Wang, Lian Duan, Xing Zhang, Yang Jiao, Ying Liu, Lingling Dai, Hong Yan
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    Milena Bušová, Vladimír Bencko, Katarína Veszelits Laktičová, Ivana Holcátová, Mária Vargová
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  • Learning, memory deficits, and impaired neuronal maturation attributed to acrylamide
    Seulah Lee, Hee Ra Park, Joo Yeon Lee, Jung-Hyun Cho, Hye Min Song, Ah Hyun Kim, Wonjong Lee, Yujeong Lee, Seung-Cheol Chang, Hyung Sik Kim, Jaewon Lee
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Research Article
Hazards and health problems in occupations dominated by aged workers in South Korea
Jungsun Park, Soo Geun Kim, Jong-shik Park, Boyoung Han, Kab Bae Kim, Yangho Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:27.   Published online June 26, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0177-9
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

South Korea’s population is aging more rapidly than any other country. Aging of the productive population will lead to shortage of labor and the decreasing quality of the labor force in South Korea. South Korea needs health care strategies to support the establishment of work environments that are appropriate for elderly workers who have reduced physical capacity. This paper aims to identify occupations that are dominated by aged workers and assess the exposure to hazards and work-related health problems of aged workers in these occupations.

Methods

We identified the 20 occupations in South Korea that employ the most aged workers (at least 55 years-old), among all 149 occupations that are defined as minor categories (identified by three digits) by the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations (KSCO). Exposure to hazards and work-related health problems of individuals in these occupations were evaluated by analyzing the results of the fourth Working Conditions Survey of 2014.

Results

Among the 20 occupations that employ the most aged workers, ‘Elementary Occupations’, which the KSCO classifies as major category (9), had the largest proportion of aged workers. After this, there were five occupations of skilled manual workers and six occupations of skilled non-manual workers. Aged workers in elementary and skilled manual occupations reported frequent exposure to job-specific hazards, such as noise, vibrations, high and low temperatures, solvents, and chemicals. Relative to other workers, aged workers in the occupations reported more frequent exposure to ergonomic hazards, such as tiring or painful positions, carrying or moving heavy loads, and repetitive movements, and also reported more work-related musculoskeletal disorders and general fatigue. Injury due to accident was common in machinery-handling occupations.

Conclusion

Job-specific hazards should be reduced to prevent occupation-related disorders in elementary and skilled manual occupations that are dominated by aged workers.


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  • Aging at Work: A Review of Recent Trends and Future Directions
    Jasmina Barakovic Husic, Francisco José Melero, Sabina Barakovic, Petre Lameski, Eftim Zdravevski, Petra Maresova, Ondrej Krejcar, Ivan Chorbev, Nuno M. Garcia, Vladimir Trajkovik
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Research Article
Practice status of specialized agencies for occupational health management of small- to medium-size enterprises and the factors improving their performance: a cross-sectional survey study
Saerom Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Eun-A Kim, Huisu Eom, Bowha Choi, Young Joong Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:4.   Published online February 27, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0161-4
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

We examined the current status of specialized agencies for occupational health management (SAs) and their workforce. Furthermore, we aimed to clarify the current practice status of SA healthcare professionals and factors that influence their performance.

Methods

To examine the current SA workforce, we analyzed data from the 2014 Survey of Current Status of SA and their Workforce from the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL). Furthermore, we mailed out an original questionnaire to SA professionals to determine their current health management status and factors that affect their performance. Data from the respondents (N = 384) were analyzed.

Results

In 2014, the workforce performing health management in SAs comprised 232 physicians, 507 nurses, and 312 occupational hygienists, with no significant regional differences in the distribution of physicians and nurses. According to the findings of the questionnaire, the average daily number of worker consultations by physicians and nurses was 22.8, while the average time taken for health management ranged from 74.3 to 104.3 min, depending on the size of the firm. Most of the respondents (41.5%) answered that they were following-up on more than 80% of individuals with illnesses. Among health management tasks, performance scores of “consultations for general diseases” and “consultations for lifestyle habits” were relatively high, whereas health promotion activities at workplaces were relatively low. There was a significant correlation between the utilization of general and special health examination results and task performance.

Conclusion

Among health management tasks, follow-up management of individuals with illnesses and consultations for disease/lifestyle habits were relatively well performed, whereas health promotion activities at workplaces were not performed well. Among factors that positively influenced SA performance at workplaces, only the utilization of health examination results had significant effects. Therefore, to accomplish health management goals and perform effective health management at workplaces, there is a need to establish a comprehensive system of occupational health service outsourcing integrating health examinations and health management services. Furthermore, the current task system, which focuses on follow-up management, should be expanded to incorporate preventive and health promotion functions—the fundamental functions of occupational health services (OHS).


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  • Underestimation of smoking hazards and smoking cessation intervention efficiency among healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study among Korean occupational health nurses
    Jihye Lee, Saerom Lee, Woncheol Lee, Seung Hyeun Lee, Won Gun Kwack, Young Joong Kang
    Tobacco Induced Diseases.2023; 21(May): 1.     CrossRef
  • Acute myeloid leukemia in a farmer with long term exposure to pesticides in Korea
    Ye-eun Jeon, Jea Chul Ha, Seonggyu Kim, Mi Hwa Heo, Young Rok Do, Insung Chung
    Medicine: Case Reports and Study Protocols.2022; 3(1): e0189.     CrossRef
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    Jihye Lee, Saerom Lee, Minkyu Lee, Young Joong Kang
    Journal of Occupational Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Safi Ullah, Qinglong You, Waheed Ullah, Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan, Amjad Ali, Gohar Ali, Yuqing Zhang, Mushtaq Ahmad Jan, Asher Samuel Bhatti, Wenxin Xie
    Climate Dynamics.2019; 53(9-10): 6329.     CrossRef
  • The roles of doctors, nurses, and industrial hygienists in the healthcare management services in Korea: a comparison of the opinions of specialized health management institutions and entrusted enterprises
    Bo-Young Jang, Dong-Mug Kang, Young-Ki Kim, Se-Young Kim, Kyung-Sun Ko
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Erratum to: Practice status of specialized agencies for occupational health management of small- to medium-size enterprises and the factors improving their performance: a cross-sectional survey study
    Saerom Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Eun-A Kim, Huisu Eom, Bowha Choi, Young Joong Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between second-hand smoke and psychological well-being amongst non-smoking wageworkers in Republic of Korea
Seong-Jin Kim, Dirga Kumar Lamichhane, Shin-Goo Park, Bum-Joon Lee, So-Hyun Moon, Sung-Min Park, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:49.   Published online September 20, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0130-3
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Worldwide, exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has been responsible for more than 0.6 million deaths and 10.9 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYS) lost in never smokers in 2004. The world health organization (WHO) reported smoking-related death of 58,000 per year in South Korea. There is recent emerging evidence of the associations of SHS exposure with anxiety or depression and poor mental health. Although exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has been associated with various physical health conditions and mental health, we are unaware of any studies examining its association with psychological well-being as mental factor. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported exposure to SHS and well-being among non-smoking wageworkers. 

Methods

The Third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS, 2011) was conducted on a representative sample of economically active population aged 15 years or over, who were either employees or self-employed at the time of interview. In this study, after removing inconsistent data, 19,879 non-smoking wageworkers among 60,054 workers were participated. Psychological well-being was measured through the WHO-Five Well-Being Index (1998 version). Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of SHS exposure with psychological well-being.

Results

The unadjusted OR of poor psychological well-being (OR: 1.594, 95 % CI: 1.421-1.787) was significantly higher for SHS exposure group compared to non-exposure group. Multiple logistic regression analysis results indicated that these relationships were still significant after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR: 1.330, 95 % CI: 1.178-1.502).

Conclusions

Exposure to SHS was associated with poor well-being measured by the WHO-5 well-being index, indicating the importance of reducing SHS exposure at the workplace for psychological well-being amongst non-smoking wageworkers.


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  • Association between Combustible Cigarettes and Noncombustible Nicotine or Tobacco Products and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Based on Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021
    Sungkwon Cho, Joo-Hyun Park, Do-Hoon Kim, Hangseok Choi, Youngdoo Park, Hyun-Jin Kim, An-Na Lee, Junghwa Shin, Jaesun Ha
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(6): 317.     CrossRef
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    Preeti BHAGIA, Ipseeta MENON, Anshi JAIN, Vikram ARORA, Jyoti GOYAL, Asifa AHRAF
    Minerva Dental and Oral Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Second-hand Smoke and Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Korean Adolescents: Based on the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
    Hyo-Min Shin, Sang-Jun Lee, Woo-Rim Ko, Jae-Yeon Jeong, Sang-Baek Koh, Kyung-Yi Do
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(3): 222.     CrossRef
  • Secondhand Smoke in the Workplace Is Associated With Depression in Korean Workers
    Seunghan Kim, Juyeon Oh, Byungyoon Yun, Ara Cho, Juho Sim, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Passive exposure to e-cigarette emissions is associated with worsened mental health
    Kayla Rae Farrell, Michael Weitzman, Emma Karey, Teresa K. Y. Lai, Terry Gordon, Shu Xu
    BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hyunhee Park, Sung-il Cho, Changhun Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Young Soo Kim, Hee Yeon Kim, Hyo-Suk Ahn, Tae Seo Sohn, Jae Yen Song, Young Bok Lee, Dong-Hee Lee, Jae-Im Lee, Seong Cheol Jeong, Hiun Suk Chae, Kyungdo Han, Chang Dong Yeo
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  • The association between perceived discriminations and well-being in Korean employed workers: the 4th Korean working conditions survey
    Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Long working hours and overweight and obesity in working adults
Byung-Mi Kim, Bo-Eun Lee, Hye-Sook Park, Young-Ju Kim, Young-Ju Suh, Jeong-youn Kim, Ji-Young Shin, Eun-Hee Ha
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:36.   Published online August 22, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0110-7
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Previous studies have identified a link between gender and the various risk factors associated with obesity. We examined obesity risk factors in working adults to identify the effects of differences in body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) between women and men.

Methods

A total of 1,120 adults agreed to participate in the study. Data from 711 participants, including 411 women and 300 men, were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of risk factors on obesity and being overweight. In addition, the least-squares (LS) means of both BMI and PBF were estimated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in a generalized linear model. 

Results

Increases in BMI and PBF were significantly related to an age > 50 years and long working hours in women after compensating for confounding factors. Using the PBF criterion, the odds ratio (OR) of being overweight or obese in women > 50 years of age who worked for > 9 h a day was 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–11.00). For BMI, women who were > 50 years of age and worked for > 9 h a day were 3.82 times (95% CI, 1.31–11.14) more likely to be overweight or obese than those who were < 50 years of age and worked for < 9 h a day.

Conclusion

Obesity in working adults was associated with > 50 years of age and long working hours in women. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship and its potential implications for the prevention and management of excess weight and obesity.


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    Ruli Wang, Ningxi Wu, Huan Qu, Xiaowei Zheng, Haoyang Zhang, Lihong Zhu, Xiaolei Wang, Xiaodie Yao, Le Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of long working hours with visceral adiposity index, anthropometric indices, and weight management behaviors: a study of Korean workers
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
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  • Obesity and cardiovascular risk factors among internists in Indonesia
    Sally Aman Nasution, Lugyanti Sukrisman, Eka Ginanjar, Evy Yunihastuti, Simon Salim, Rudy Hidayat, Muhadi Muhadi, Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho Bintoro, Asri Ludin Tambunan, Hery Djagat Purnomo, Andi Makbul Aman, Mohammad Robikhul Ikhsan, Ahmad Mekah, Angkasa
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    Sasinee Thapsuwan, Sirinya Phulkerd, Aphichat Chamratrithirong, Rossarin Soottipong Gray, Nongnuch Jindarattanaporn, Nutnicha Loyfah, Natjera Thongcharoenchupong, Umaporn Pattaravanich
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    Pornchanuch Chumpunuch, Urai Jaraeprapal
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    Tae-Hwi Park, Yong-Duk Ahn, Jeong-Bae Rhie
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    Yesung Lee, Eunchan Mun, Soyoung Park, Woncheol Lee, Jee-Fu Huang
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  • Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII
    Eyun Song, Jung A. Kim, Eun Roh, Ji Hee Yu, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A. Seo, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyung Mook Choi
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    Tahir Omer
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Case Report
IgA nephropathy in a laboratory worker that progressed to end-stage renal disease: a case report
Bokki Min, Gyuree Kim, Taesun Kang, Chungsik Yoon, Sung-il Cho, Domyung Paek
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:35.   Published online August 8, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0118-z
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis, a principal cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The mechanisms of onset and progression of IgAN have not been fully revealed, and epidemiologic studies have yielded diverging opinions as to the role of occupational exposure to organic solvents in the initiation or worsening of IgAN. As the authors encountered a laboratory worker with IgAN that progressed to ESRD, we present a case report of IgAN progression due to dichloromethane exposure along with a review of literature.

Case presentation

A 41-year-old male laboratory worker began to experience gross painless hematuria after two years of occupational exposure to toluene. Although clinical follow-up was initiated under the impression of IgAN based on clinical findings, the patient continued to work for four more years in the same laboratory, during which he was in charge of laboratory analysis with direct exposure to a high concentration of dichloromethane without proper protective equipment. During that time, his renal function rapidly worsened and finally progressed to ESRD 10 years after the first clinical symptoms. The result of exposure assessment through reenactment of his work exceeded the occupational exposure limit for dichloromethane to a considerable degree.

Conclusions

The causal association between occupational solvent exposure and IgAN is still unclear; therefore, this case report could be used as a basis to support the relevance of occupational solvent exposure to IgAN and/or its progression. Early intervention as well as close monitoring of laboratory workers exposed to various organic solvents is important to prevent or delay the progression of glomerulonephritis to ESRD in the occupational setting.


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  • The Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy Renaissance: From Pathogenesis to Personalized Therapy
    Samyuktha Srinivas, Sai Kumar Madhavaram, Sarah A Bhanushali, Kartik Kalra
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Acute respiratory symptoms and evacuation-related behavior after exposure to chlorine gas leakage
Sung-Woo Han, Won-Jun Choi, Min-Kee Yi, Seng-Ho Song, Dong-Hoon Lee, Sang-Hwan Han
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:29.   Published online July 4, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0115-2
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

A study was performed on the accidental chlorine gas leakage that occurred in a factory of printed circuit boards manufactured without chlorine. Health examination was performed for all 52 workers suspected of exposure to chlorine gas, and their evacuation-related behaviors were observed in addition to analyzing the factors that affected the duration of their acute respiratory symptoms.

Methods

Behavioral characteristics during the incidence of the accidental chlorine gas leakage, the estimated time of exposure, and the duration of subjective acute respiratory symptoms were investigated. In addition, clinical examination, chest radiography, and dental erosion test were performed. As variables that affected the duration of respiratory symptoms, dose group, body weight, age, sex, smoking, work period, and wearing a protective gear were included and analyzed by using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Of 47 workers exposed to chlorine gas, 36 (77 %) developed more than one subjective symptom. The duration of the subjective symptoms according to exposure level significantly differed, with a median of 1 day (range, 0–5 days) in the low-exposure group and 2 days (range, 0–25 days) in the high-exposure group. Among the variables that affected the duration of the acute respiratory symptoms, which were analyzed by using the Cox proportional hazard model, only exposure level was significant (hazard ratio 2.087, 95 % CI = 1.119, 3.890). Regarding the evacuation-related behaviors, 22 workers (47 %) voluntarily evacuated to a safety zone immediately after recognizing the accidental exposure, but 25 workers (43 %) delayed evacuation until the start of mandatory evacuation (min 5, max 25 min).

Conclusions

The duration of the subjective acute respiratory symptoms significantly differed between the low- and high-exposure groups. Among the 27 workers in the high-exposure group, 17 misjudged the toxicity after being aware of the gas leakage, which is a relatively high number.


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  • Migration behavior of chlorine and sulfur during gasification and combustion of biomass and coal
    Yuefeng Wang, Yuhong Qin, Stanislav V. Vassilev, Chong He, Christina G. Vassileva, Yuexing Wei
    Biomass and Bioenergy.2024; 182: 107080.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Hazardous Materials.2019; 377: 132.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between shift work and obesity according to body fat percentage in Korean wage workers: data from the fourth and the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2008–2011)
ManKi Son, Byeong Jin Ye, Jung-Il Kim, ShinUk Kang, Kap-Yeol Jung
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:32.   Published online December 23, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0082-z
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Health problems in shift workers vary including obesity acting as a risk factor in cerebrovascular diseases. Recent studies have commonly determined the prevalence of obesity in shift workers on the basis of body mass index. The accuracy of BMI for diagnosing obesity are still limited apparently. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the relationship between shift work and obesity according to the total body fat percentage in Korean wage workers.

Methods

From the Fourth and the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011), after military personnel were excluded, a total of 2952 wage workers (20 ≤ age ≤ 65) whose current jobs were their longest jobs were selected as subjects of the study. The total body fat percentage was used to determine the obesity standards (≥25.7 % in males and ≥36.0 % in females). The subjects were divided into groups by gender and work type (manual vs non-manual), and chi-squared test was used to evaluate the relationship between socio-economic, health behavior, and work-related factors, on the one hand, and obesity, on the other. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of shift work on obesity.

Results

When other factors were controlled for, the risk of obesity in shift work showed a statistically significant increase (odds ratio = 1.779, 95 % confidence interval = 1.050-3.015) in the male manual worker group. However, there were no significant results in the male non-manual and female worker groups.

Conclusion

Shift work was related to a higher risk of obesity in the Korean male manual worker group.


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Research Article
Effect of Long Working Hours on Self-reported Hypertension among Middle-aged and Older Wage Workers
Dong Hyun Yoo, Mo-yeol Kang, Domyung Paek, Bokki Min, Sung-il Cho
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:25.   Published online September 3, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0025-0
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Many studies have reported an association between overwork and hypertension. However, research on the health effects of long working hours has yielded inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to identify an association between overtime work and hypertension in wage workers 45 years and over of age using prospective data.

Methods

Wage workers in Korea aged 45 years and over were selected for inclusion in this study from among 10,254 subjects from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Workers with baseline hypertension and those with other major diseases were excluded. In the end, a total of 1,079 subjects were included. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios and adjust for baseline characteristics such as sex, age, education, income, occupation, form of employment, body mass index, alcohol habit, smoking habit, regular exercise, and number of working days per week. Additional models were used to calculate hazard ratios after gender stratification.

Results

Among the 1,079 subjects, 85 workers were diagnosed with hypertension during 3974.2 person-months. The average number of working hours per week for all subjects was 47.68. The proportion of overtime workers was 61.0% (cutoff, 40 h per week). Compared with those working 40 h and less per week, the hazard ratio of subjects in the final model, which adjusted for all selected variables, working 41-50 h per week was 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–4.06), that of subjects working 51-60 h per week was 2.40 (95% CI, 1.07–5.39), and that of subjects working 61 h and over per week was 2.87 (95% CI, 1.33–6.20). In gender stratification models, the hazard ratio of the females tended to be higher than that of the males.

Conclusion

As the number of working hours per week increased, the hazard ratio for diagnosis of hypertension significantly increased. This result suggests a positive association between overtime work and the risk of hypertension.


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Research Article
Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Extremities Due to Extensive Usage of Hand Held Devices
Deepak Sharan, Mathankumar Mohandoss, Rameshkumar Ranganathan, Jeena Jose
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:22.   Published online August 6, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0022-3
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objective

The use of hand held devices (HHD) such as mobile phones, game controls, tablets, portable media players and personal digital assistants have increased dramatically in past decade. While sending a text message or using the controls of the HHD the users need to use their thumb and other palm muscles extensively. The objective of this study was to describe the risk factors and clinical features of the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) arising due to usage of hand held devices and to evaluate the effectiveness of a sequenced rehabilitation protocol.

Methods

A retrospective report analysis of 70 subjects, who were diagnosed to have a MSD affecting the upper extremities, was conducted. Medical charts from a tertiary level rehabilitation centre from 2005–2013 were analysed. All the subjects reported pain in their upper extremities following extensive usage of HHD and were examined and diagnosed to have a MSD by an orthopaedic and rehabilitation physician. After the assessment and diagnosis, all the patients underwent rehabilitation using a sequenced protocol.

Results

All the subjects reported pain in the thumb and forearm with associated burning, numbness and tingling around the thenar aspect of the hand, and stiffness of wrist and hand. 43 subjects had symptoms on the right side; 9 on left and 18 had bilateral symptoms. Correlation was found between hand dominance and MSD. 33 subjects complained of onset of symptoms following extensive text messaging. All the subjects were diagnosed to have tendinosis of Extensor Pollicis Longus and Myofascial Pain Syndrome affecting the 1st interossei, thenar group of muscles and Extensor Digitorum Communis. 23 of the subjects were senior executives, among these 7 were CEO’s of major multinational companies in India. All the subjects recovered completely following the rehabilitation.

Conclusions

The study concluded that mobile phones and gadgets that promoted the predominant usage of thumb or only one finger while texting or using the controls were associated with a higher prevalence of MSDs. Treatment using a sequenced rehabilitation protocol was found to be effective.


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Original Article
The Effect of Participatory Approach Program for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in the Workplace
Seong Yong Yoon, Sin Kam, Jin Seok Kim, Seong Yong Jo, Yong Jun Kwon, In Woong Song, Kuck Hyeun Woo
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):133-144.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.133
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to develop a program applying participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) methods for the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors and to assess its effectiveness in the workplace.
METHODS
The cardiovascular disease risk factors of 817 workers in the workplace were assessed, and periodic health examination was conducted. Sixty-four workers (7.8%) were selected as a moderate-risk group and high risk group, and performed the participatory approach program for cardiovascular disease preventive management.
RESULTS
The sixty-four workers who participated in the participatory approach program made a total of 246 action plans, 3.8 action plans per person and 115 action plans were achieved after three months, so that 46.7% of action plans have been achieved. In the intervention group that participated in the program, the rate of smoking decreased from 36.2% to 8.6% and systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased from 140.0+/-9.4 mmHg to 134.2+/-12.3 mmHg and from 92.6+/-7.1 mmHg to 80.0+/-9.8 mmHg respectfully. In addition, risk factor score also decreased by 0.3, whereas the control group who did not participate in the program also showed a significant reduction in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Regular exercise increased from 8.5% to 16.0%.
CONCLUSIONS
To improve the effectiveness of the participatory approach program for the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors, the need to continues implementing programs and analysis of the long-term effects are required.

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    Ki-Youn Kim, Juhye Jin, Yeon-Ha Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3210.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Worksite-Based Self-Management Program in Traditional Retail Market Workers: Longitudinal Associations with Metabolic Parameters
    Yeon-Ha Kim, Seong-Yong Yoon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(5): 2854.     CrossRef
  • Developing a Health-Promotion Program Based on the Action Research Paradigm to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Blue Collar Workers
    Won Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(24): 4958.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Participatory Action-Oriented Training (PAOT) Methods for the Management Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Manufacture Workers for Three-years
    Jungsuk Lee, Sin Kam, Seongyong Yoon
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 384.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Metabolic syndrome Management Program Applying Participatory Action-Oriented Training Principle
    Seong-Yong Yoon, Kuck-Hyeun Woo, Hwa-Sung Kim, Yong-Bae Kim, Jin-Seok Kim, Seong-Yong Jo, Sung-Soo Lee
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(5): 81.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Status Between Large Scale Industry Office and Self Employed Male Workers
Keun Ho Jang, Won Ju Park, Myeong Bo Kim, Dae Kwang Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Jai Dong Moon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):130-138.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.130
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to compare the cardiovascular disease status between large scale industry office and self employed male workers who have gaps in their intensive health management.
METHODS
The cross sectional study was carried out with subjects composed of 244 shipyard office male workers and 381 self employed male workers, aged 30 to 55 years. They were given a health exam in a general hospital from January 2007 to June 2009. Information was based on data from self-administered questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory results on blood samples. The degree of coronary artery calcification and stenosis was evaluated by a 64 channel multi-detector computed tomography angiography.
RESULTS
The prevalence of hypertension(p<0.01) and diabetes mellitus(p=0.02) and waist circumference(p<0.01) was significantly lower in the shipyard office workers than in self employed workers. Proper drinking(p<0.01) was more commmon in shipyard office workers. The rates of coronary artery calcification and stenosis were estimated to be 18.4% and 11.5% respectively for shipyard office workers and were significantly lower than the 26.5% and 21.5% for self employed workers. After adjustment for age, the probability of coronary artery stenosis in shipyard office workers was lower than in self employed workers (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.35~0.90).
CONCLUSIONS
The study results verified the benefits of a health promotion and intervention program and the healthy worker effect for cardiovascular diseases. More specifically, it verified the benefits regarding coronary artery stenosis in large scale industry office workers. This result should encourage the establishment of health promotion programs and the study of occupational epidemiology.

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  • The effect of employment transitions on physical health among the elderly in South Korea: A longitudinal analysis of the Korean Retirement and Income Study
    Juyeon Lee, Myoung-Hee Kim
    Social Science & Medicine.2017; 181: 122.     CrossRef
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    Chae-Bong Kim, KyooSang Kim
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(3): 418.     CrossRef
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    In-Young Ku, Seon-Jeong Moon, Myeong-Seon Lee, Kyung-Hwan Ka
    Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2013; 13(4): 581.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Cognition and Practice on Medical Information Protection of Iudustrial Health Care Manager of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Soo Jin Jeong, Min Kim, Chae Kwan Lee, Chang Hee Lee, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Goo Rak Chang, Ki Hun Hong, Chun Hui Suh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):53-63.   Published online March 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This research aimed to know the actual condition and problems of medical information protection at a workplace with the target of industrial health care managers of small and medium-sized enterprises.
METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire was given to industrial health-care managers of 216 enterprises from March 15 to May 17, 2010. The questionnaire was produced by referring to the Act on Personal Information Protection of Public Institutions, etc. This research evaluated agreement of cognition and practice according to 10 items of medical information protection using kappa and cross-analysis of significant factors between cognition and practice of medical information protection and general characteristics.
RESULTS
Cognition about medical information protection appeared to be 85.4-97.1% and its practice appeared to be 44.1-95.3%, so practice was lower than cognition. In addition, the agreement of cognition and practice appeared significantly low (kappa 0.082-0.387). The practice of medical information protection tended to be lower when the managers were older and held a higher job title. Health examination results were being delivered only to workers except for an employer (94.2%), but there were many industrial health-care managers who felt discomfort about their work in group occupational health-care systems (58.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The practice of protecting medical information by industrial health-care managers was clearly lower than the cognition. Therefore, introduction of educational programs about personal information protection and provision of an independent place for group occupational health care service is urgent. In addition, in order to use the health examination results conveniently in group occupational health services, an institutional complement is necessary.

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  • Information Security in Nursing
    Jiwon Kang, GyeongAe Seomun
    Advances in Nursing Science.2021; 44(1): 16.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Acceptance of Personal Health Record Apps for Workplace Health Promotion: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
    Hyun Sang Park, Kwang Il Kim, Jae Young Soh, Young Ho Hyun, Sae Kyun Jang, Sol Lee, Ga Young Hwang, Hwa Sun Kim
    JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2020; 8(6): e16723.     CrossRef
  • Perception and Performance about Patients' Medical Information Protection in Allied Health College Students
    Seon Young Choi, Do Yeon Lim, Il Sun Ko, In Oh Moon
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(1): 83.     CrossRef
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    Jinsook Lee, Sohi Kwon
    Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society.2015; 26(2): 455.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Protecting Patients' Privacy of Obstetric and Gynecologic Nurses
    Miok Kim
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 268.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Bone and Blood Lead Levels of Middle Aged Koreans not Occupationally Exposed to Lead
Nam Soo Kim, Sung Woo Choi, Jin Ho Kim, Jung O Ham, Hae Yoon Park, Kyu Dong Ahn, Byung Kook Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(4):285-292.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.4.285
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
In order to investigate the level and the association between bone lead and blood lead levels of non-occupationally, lead-exposed Koreans, the authors studied the lead biomarkers of 137 middle aged Koreans (86 males and 51 females) older than whose age were above 40 years.
METHODS
The tibia lead level was selected as the bone lead indicator of cortical bone, and the blood lead level was also measured. The tibia lead level was measured by K-shell XRF with 30-minute measurement of each subjects. The blood lead level was analyzed by AAS method.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) of the tibia lead level of the 137 study subjects was 3.49 (4.99) microgram/g, and tended to be higher. The mean (SD) of tibia lead level in male subjects (was 3.90 (4.88) microgram/g) and larger than in that of female subjects (2.80 (5.14) microgram/g), but without no statistical significance was observed. The mean (SD) of blood lead level of all total subjects was 3.70 (1.35)microgram/dl, and tended to be higher. The mean (SD) of blood lead level in male subjects (was 3.93 (1.25) microgram/dl) and larger than in that of female subjects (3.30 (1.42) microgram/dl), but without no statistical significance was observed. In multiple regression analysis of blood lead levels after adjusting for covariates, age was a significant independent variable. A weak association of age with tibia lead in female subjects was also observed in multiple regression analysis.
CONCLUSION
The mean (SD) of tibia and blood lead levels of middle aged Koreans whose ages were over 40 years old were 3.49 (4.99) microgram/g and 3.70 (1.35) microgram/dl, respectively. Age and sex were positive predictors of blood lead level in multiple regression analysis after controlling for the covariates. However, in multiple regression analysis whereas age was weakly association with tibia lead level only in female subjects in multiple regression analysis.

Citations

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  • Blood lead concentration and related factors in Korea from the 2008 National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the Human Body
    Seong Wook Jeong, Chae Kwan Lee, Chun Hui Suh, Kun Hyung Kim, Byung Chul Son, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Soo Woong Lee, Yeong Beom Park, Jong Wha Lee, Seung-Do Yu, Chan Seok Moon, Dae Hwan Kim, Sang Yoon Lee
    International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2014; 217(8): 871.     CrossRef
  • National estimates of blood lead, cadmium, and mercury levels in the Korean general adult population
    Nam-Soo Kim, Byung-Kook Lee
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2011; 84(1): 53.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Effect Assessment of Worksite-based, Post-examination, Health Care Management System
Kang Jin Lee, Young Hee Choi, Cha Jae Oh, Hoo Rak Lee, Hyoung June Im, Moon Young Hwang, Byung Mann Cho, Ji Ho Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):1-14.   Published online March 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to develop a worksite-based, post-examination, health care management system for continuous and systematic management of workers with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and abnormal LFT detected by periodic health examination and to assess the effectiveness such a system as an intervention study.
METHODS
Study subjects were selected from workers with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and abnormal LFT according to the selection criteria. The intervention group, but not the control group, received medical treatment of disease, follow up examination, and health education which consisted of information about the disease and the importance of life-style modification through periodic interview using the resources of occupational health service center in the worksite. To assess the effectiveness of this system, we compared follow up examination data from the intervention group with periodic examination data from the worksite control group.
RESULTS
In the intervention group a significant reduction trend was recorded for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, postprandial 2 hour glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, AST, ALT, and gamma-GTP, and a rising trend for HDL-cholesterol. Significant group differences ware recorded for fasting blood sugar, postprandial 2 hour glucose, total cholesterol, AST, and ALT.
CONCLUSIONS
The worksite-based, post-examination, health care management system was effective for the continuous and systematic management of workers who had abnormal findings detected by periodic health examination.

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  • The Change Analysis about Health Behavior and Examination Result of Periodical Medical Examiner
    Tae-Yong Lee, Dal-Sik Yoon
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(2): 923.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Metabolic syndrome Management Program Applying Participatory Action-Oriented Training Principle
    Seong-Yong Yoon, Kuck-Hyeun Woo, Hwa-Sung Kim, Yong-Bae Kim, Jin-Seok Kim, Seong-Yong Jo, Sung-Soo Lee
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(5): 81.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Hypertension Self-help Program on Hypertension-related Knowledge, Self-efficacy, Self-management Compliance and Physiological Parameters in Workers
    Mi-Young Gi, Young-Hae Park
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Symptom prevalence and Primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their related factors among manufacturing workers
Hyunjoo Kim, Woo Cheol Jeong
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):116-128.   Published online June 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.116
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the symptom prevalence and the primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal diseases(WMSDs) and their related factors among manufacturing workers.
METHOD
A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 2,457 workers, at 22 enterprises in Chungnam province, Korea, from September 1 to December 1, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire included general and work-related characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms and workers' past one-year experience of primary interventions.
RESULTS
1. The overall symptom prevalence of the musculoskeletal diseases was 23.9%. The WMSD symptom prevalences at the neck/shoulder, arm/elbow, hand/wrist and back/leg were 14.8%. 2.7%. 7.3% and 12.0%, respectively. 2. In multivariate analysis, all WMSD symptom prevalences were high in the high workload, high force & high repetitiveness, and 'high job strain' groups. The WMSD symptom prevalence at neck/shoulder was also high in females and the group experiencing low social support from the supervisor. 3. The rates of the primary interventions were as follows : 13.7% for health education, 5.8% for health counselling, 18.8% for preventive exercise, 24.7% for ergonomic intervention, and 9.8% for administrative intervention. 4. In multivariate analysis, the size of the enterprises and the type of occupational health management system(OHMS) were significantly associated with all primary interventions except health counselling(p<0.05). The other individual-level predictive factors were as follows. Those for the health education were male and union presence. Those for the health counselling were older age(> or =40 years), irregular employment, and the active group of Karasek's job strain model. Those for the preventive exercise were male, older age, longer tenure and regular employment. Those for the ergonomic intervention were longer tenure, job of physical force and/or repetitiveness, high job stain and the group experiencing high social support from the supervisor. The predictive factor for the administrative intervention was male (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
To establish an effective strategy for the primary prevention of WMSDs, approaches are needed which consider the individual nature of small and medium sized enterprises. IAlso necessary is to promote the participation of labor and management because the activation of the primary intervention was associated with the type of OHMS and union presence. Moreover the reduction of workload and increased intervention into the high risk group could be effective in the prevention of WMSDs.

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  • Effect of Physical Therapy Based Tailored Exercise Program on Pain, Accident incidence Rates, and Lost Days of Work in Manufacturing Worker: Single Subject Design
    Kwon-Woo Lee, Won-Ho Kim
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2017; 12(2): 113.     CrossRef
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    Youn-Bum Sung, Hyung-Seok Seo, Jung-Ho Lee, Young-Han Park
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    Soo-Jin Lee, Hwan-Jin Park
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(4): 525.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Relationship between Fatigue Severity and Heart Rate Variability in Middle-Aged Male Workers
Sang Wook Song, Jin Hee Shin, Thomas Findley
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(1):26-35.   Published online March 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.1.26
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the relationship between the severity of fatigue and the cardiac autonomic function by analyzing the heart rate variability on middle-aged male workers.
METHODS
The severity of fatigue and heart rate variability were assessed with the control measures of age, body mass index, blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking history, regular exercise on 82 healthy middle-aged male workers in an annual health checkup. The severity of fatigue was evaluated by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), which was developed by Krupp. The 5-minute electrocardiographic recordings were analyzed as a function of the time and the frequency domain methods of the heart rate variability (HRV). Standard Deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), Root-Mean-Square of Successive Differences (rMSSD), Total Power (TP), Low Frequency (LF: 0.04~0.15 Hz) power, High Frequency (HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz) power, LF/HF ratio were used as the indices of the HRV. For a comparison of autonomic nervous functions and other variables, the subjects were divided into three fatigue groups based on the FSS score as follows: low (N=31), moderate (N=33), high (N=18) fatigue groups.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in age, blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, alcohol consumption, or regular exercise except for the smoking history among the groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in the time domain analysis (SDNN, rMSSD) of HRV among the groups. Spectral analysis of the HRV showed that the mean amplitudes of the HF and LF component were lower in the high fatigue group, whereas there was no significant difference in the LF/HF ratio among the fatigue groups. There were no significant differences in the HRV indices between the smoking and non-smoking groups. No significant interacting effects between the severity of fatigue and smoking on the HRV were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
The association between severe fatigue and the reduced high and low frequency components of the HRV in middle-aged male workers reflects a dysregulation of the cardiac autonomous control. Although the pathophysiological mechanism of this association remains unclear, these results might explain their increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, these effects need to be confirmed through a well-designed prospective study.

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  • Impact of Job-stress on Fatigue Among 119 Rescue Workers
    Sung-Soo Choi, Gyoung Wan Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(4): 433.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Cyber Leisure Activity and Autonomic Function in High School Students
    Mi-Eun Son, Na-Hyun Kim
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2012; 14(1): 33.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Relationship of Biological Indices of Manganese with Pallidal Index on MRI in Liver Cirrhotics
Younghee Choi, Neung Hwa Park, Jung Woo Shin, Hyo Kyung Kim, Sung Ryul Kim, Tae Heum Jeong, Ji Kang Park, Hun Lee, Cheol In Yoo, Choong Ryeol Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Yangho Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):129-138.   Published online June 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.129
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to clarify which biological manganese exposure indices reflect the pallidal signal intensities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in liver cirrhotics.
METHODS
We examined whole blood, plasma, RBC and urinary manganese concentrations, as well as, brain MRI in 22 cirrhotic patients and 10 healthy controls. From MRI scans we calculated the signal intensity of the globus pallidus using the pallidal index (PI), the ratio of the globus pallidus to subcortical frontal white-matter signal intensity in axial T1-weighted MRI planes multiplied by 100. In addition, we studied the relationships between PI and other measurements.
RESULTS
The high signal intensity in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted MRI was observed in 18 (81.8%) patients. There was a significant correlation between whole blood and RBC manganese concentration, and PI on MRI. According to multiple linear regression, whole blood and RBC manganese concentration reflected PI on MRI better the other indices did.
CONCLUSIONS
Whole blood and RBC manganese concentrations could be useful as biological manganese exposure indices that reflect PI on MRI.

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Original Article
Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus among the Employees and their Partners in Korea
Seung Ho Ryu, Sung Ho Beck
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(3):299-309.   Published online September 30, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.3.299
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the prevalence and age-adjusted prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among the employees and their partners in Korea, and whether prevalence varies with job type.
METHOD
The blood serum of 29, 278 people, employees and their partners aged between 20 and 60 residing in Seoul or Kyung-gee province, were tested with Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA) method using third generation anti-HCV serum.
RESULTS
Twenty-five among the 29, 278 people tested positive; a prevalence rate of 0.9 per 1, 000 (95% CI 0.6-1.3). The prevalences of different age groups were 0, 0.5, 1.3, and 4.2 per 1, 000 among the subjects in their 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s respectively, which shows the increasing rate of prevalence with age. Age adjusted prevalence among employees was 1.3 per 1, 000. The prevalences among different kinds of job were 1.9 per 1, 000 (95% CI: 0.5~7.0) for construction, 1.7 per 1, 000 (95% CI: 0.7~3.9) for finance, and 1.2 per 1, 000 (95% CI: 0.2~6.6) for telecommunication. No significant statistical difference was found in the prevalence according to job type(p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Employees in Korea showed a lower prevalence rate of anti-HCV antibody than that of blood donors, health screening examinees and the general population. This result is in line with that of other studies abroad and is considered to be because employees may have lower rates of Hepatitis C risk activities, such as needle sharing, than unemployed.

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Original Article
Effectiveness and Factors Associated with the Control of Hypertension in Apartment Management Workers : Provided with Occupational Health Services
Soon Hwan Kang, Hyunjoo Kim, Youngkyu Kim, Jung Wan Koo
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(4):426-435.   Published online December 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.4.426
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the visiting occupational health services(OHS)and the factors associated with the proper control of blood pressure in hypertensive apartment management workers.
METHODS
The study group included 60 workers,who were visited and followed up regularly by a nurse for a period of more than 6 months.We checked the risk factors of hypertension, blood pressure and provided hypertension control methods every 2 months.
RESULTS
Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 151.9 mmHg at the first visit to 141.1 mmHg at the last visit, and mean diastolic blood pressure also decreased from 93.6 mmHg to 87.1 mmHg (p<0.01).The number of workers who had regular exercise more than once a week increased from 7 (11.7%)at the first visit to 34 (56.7%)at the last visit, and the number of workers taking hypertensive medicines increased from 4 (6.7%) to 26 (43.3%)(p<0.01). The percentage of workers who either changed their life style or began taking hypertensive medication over the course of the action undertaken by the occupational health services showed a significant differences, 36.8%in the shorter intervention group, 43.5%in intermediate intervention group, and 72.2%in longer intervention group (p<0.05). Among those who were on shift work for less than 10 years was 32 (78.0%), while the corresponding number was only 9 (22.0%) for those who were on shift work for more than 10 years (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that the visiting OHS was effective in bringing about a reduction in blood pressure, as well as an improvement in life style habits and in the use of medication. It suggests that occupational factors should be taken into account for the proper control of blood pressure in hypertensive apartment management workers.

Citations

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  • Occupational accidents and human errors in apartment custodians’ work
    Jun Sik Kim, Byung Yong Jeong
    Work.2018; 60(4): 587.     CrossRef
  • Occupational injuries and risk assessment of apartment guards work
    Myoung Hwan Park, Byung Yong Jeong
    Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries.2018; 28(4): 220.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factor Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Symptoms for Guards
    Kyung-Sun Lee, In-Seok Lee, Hyun-Joo Kim, KyungHee Jung-Choi, Jin-Wook Bahk, Myung-Chul Jung
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(3): 419.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Effects of Diethyldithiocarbamate on the Metabolism and Hepatotoxicity of Trichloroethylene
Byung Sun Choi, Jung Duck Park, Yeon Pyo Hong
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):257-269.   Published online September 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.257
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trichloroethylene (TCE) metabolism, acute toxicity, and the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) on the acute toxicity in TCE-intoxicated rats.
METHODS
TCE was administered orally at doses of 600, 1,200 and 2,400 mg/kg of body weight following pretreatment with either saline or 500 mg/kg of DDTC. 12 hours after administration of TCE, the concentrations of TCE, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and trichloroethanol (TCEOH) in the blood and solid organs, and the histopathological changes in each organ were examined.
RESULTS
The level of CYP2E1 markedly decreased in the DDTC-pretreated groups. The CYP2E1 content in the TCE-treated rats increased in a dose-dependent manner. The concentrations of TCE and TCEOH were highest in the liver, and the level of TCA was highest in the blood. The DDTC-pretreated rats had a markedly increased level of TCE and decreased levels of TCA and TCEOH, than the rats pretreated with saline. These findings indicated that CYP2E1 was important in the metabolism of TCE. From the histopathological findings, centrilobular necrosis was observed in the livers of the TCE-treated rats, but no significant change was found in those rats pretreated with DDTC.
CONCLUSIONS
DDTC is considered to be effective in protecting TCE-induced hepatic damage because it inhibits the TCE metabolism.

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  • Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood and Urine among Residents around Camp Carroll
    Hyun-Sul Lim, Wonho Yang, Geun-Bae Kim, Young-Sung Cho, Young-Sun Min, Kwan Lee, Duk Hee Lee, Young-Su Ju, Sunshin Kim, Jung Heo, Dayoung Jung
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • Case report of renal cell carcinoma in automobile manufacturing factory worker due to trichloroethylene exposure in Korea
    June-Hee Lee, Inah Kim, Hongdeok Seok, Inhyo Park, Jungho Hwang, Jae-Oh Park, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Age-dependent Effect of Metabolism and Testicular Toxicity to di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Yeong Ju Park, Byung Sun Choi, Jung Duck Park, Yeon Pyo Hong
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):236-246.   Published online September 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.236
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the age-dependent response of testicular toxicity and the mechanism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induced testicular toxicity.
METHODS
DEHP was administered orally in doses of 0, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg/day, for 7 days, to 3, 6 and 9 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Testicular weight and sperm head counts, plasma level of DEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and testicular lipid peroxidation were measured. Histopathological changes in the testis were observed.
RESULTS
Reductions in weight gains, and relative testis weights, were observed in the 3 week-old rats in a dose-dependent manner, but not in the 6 and 9 week-old rats, compared to those of the control rats. Sperm head counts were decreased in the 6 week-old rats exposed to 2.0 g/kg/day, but not in the 9 week-old rats. Testicular atrophy and significant size reduction of the seminiferous tubule were observed in a dose-dependent manner in the 3 week-old rats. The plasma concentrations of MEHP were higher than those of DEHP, with these levels being most elevated in the younger rats. Lipid peroxidation, following exposed to DEHP, was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the 3 week-old, but with no changes in the 6 and 9 week-old rats.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest the age related difference observed in the testicular response to the oral administration of DEHP may be due to the metabolism, and that oxidative stress may be related to the mechanism of DEHP induced testicular toxicity.

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  • The Impairment of Thyroid Hormones Homeostasis after Short-Term Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Adolescent Male Rats
    Sang-Yon Kim, Yeon-Pyo Hong, Yun-Jung Yang
    Development & Reproduction.2021; 25(4): 293.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on the Stage of Behavior Change Among Employees of Small to Medium Sized Enterprises
Myung Hoi Koo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Chung Yill Park, Kang Sook Lee, Jung Wan Koo
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(1):85-96.   Published online March 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.1.85
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This research attempts to investigate the relationship between health risk factors and workers'behavioral changes based on individual worker's characteristics to allow the development of more effective health promotion programs in businesses places.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was conducted with 282 workers employed in small to medium sized enterprises in the Kyong-in area of Korea. The questionnaire was composed of general characteristics, a health risk assessment and an evaluation of the stage of behavior change for health promotion strategy in the workplace.
RESULTS
The health risk assessment revealed that 65.7 % of male workers smoke, 70.5% of male workers do not exercise on a regular basis, 86.1 % of female workers do not exercise at all, and 78.6 % of male workers and 50 % of female workers drink alcohol. In addition, the survey identified that 29.5% of male workers are addicted to excessive drinking, as are 11.1% of female workers. Based on the four stages of behavioral changes that lead to health, the pre-contemplation stage, contemplation stage, action stage, and maintenance stage, 40.5 %, 23.7 %, 12.1 % and 23.7 % of workers are in these stages, respectively, with regards to quitting smoking. As for regular exercises, 18.4 %, 37.6 %, 17.7 %, and 26.3 % of workers belong to each stage, respectively. As for moderation in drinking, 20.9 %, 15.4 %, 10.0 %, and 53.7 % are in each stage, respectively. The rate of health managers in the active stage of quitting smoking is significantly higher than that of general workers. Among the workers who do not exercise on a regular basis, workers over 50 years-old and blue color workers are more common in the precontemplation stage than any other worker groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that the stages of behavioral change vary with worker characteristics. An awareness of the effects of the high risk factors is essential for promoting workers'attendance in health promotion programs.

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  • Effects of a Tailored Health Promotion Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Middle-Aged and Advanced-Age Bus Drivers
    Gyu-Seok Hwang, Jae-Wook Choi, Seoung-Hyung Choi, Seoung-Gil Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim, Yong-Min Cho, Chungsik Yoon
    Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2012; 24(1): 117.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Worker's demands and Group Health Service Agency's Intention for Worksite Medical Care
Jong Uk Won, Jae Seok Song, Seon A Jeong, Wha Mi Park, Jae Hoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):87-95.   Published online March 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.87
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to survey worker's demands for worksite medical care and agency's intention for offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency.
METHODS
One study subjects were employers, workers and office personnels in 167 factories. They were asked for medical care utilization behavior and worksite medical care demand. 121 employers(72.5%), 145 office personnels(86.8%) and 816 workers(60.5%) answered the questionnaire. The other subjects were doctors, nurses and administrators in 66 Group Health Service Agencies nationwide. They were asked for intention of offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency through the mail survey. 31 doctors(47.0%), 38 nurses(57.6%) and 34 administrators answered the questionnaire.
RESULTS
87 percentage of doctors and 94 percentage of nurses had experiences of being requested to prescribe and laboratory examination. All nurses, 94 percentage of administrators and 76 percentage of doctors thought that it was necessary to give medical treatment at worksite. Also in worksite 85 percentage of employers, 86 percentage of office personnels and 81 percentage of workers answered that they accepted the worksite medical care when it would be given.
CONCLUSIONS
Worksite medical care should be permitted because almost of all workers and employers requested worksite medical care, and doctors and nurses in Group Health Service Agency were willing to give worksite medical care and there was necessity to prevent occupational cerebrovascular disease.

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  • The roles of doctors, nurses, and industrial hygienists in the healthcare management services in Korea: a comparison of the opinions of specialized health management institutions and entrusted enterprises
    Bo-Young Jang, Dong-Mug Kang, Young-Ki Kim, Se-Young Kim, Kyung-Sun Ko
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Contact dermatitis surveillance system in Taejon city: Prevalence of contact dermatitis among the workers exposed to solvents and nonmentallic chemicals through an immediate health examination system in Taejon city
Seong Sil Chang, Sooyoung Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):227-234.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.227
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
We tried to establish a Regional Occupational Surveillance System (ROSS) for estimating the prevalence and monitoring the trend of occupational dermatitis among 718 manufacturing workers exposed to organic solvents and nonmetallic chemicals in small and medium sized businesses of 1,2 industrial complex area of taejon City.
METHODS
Through the report from the nurses of Group Occupational Health Management System, we made a case referral and immediate health examination system with occupational medical clinics. We also performed a survey for detecting occupational dermatitis by a self-administered questionnaire. Case must meet 3 criteria; 1) He/She must have one or more significant cutaneous signs and symptoms. 2) The symptom should be changed by the work condition or caused by risk chemicals. 3) Dermatitis should be diagnosed by a doctor. Results Among the 131 workers(17. 7 %) with significant symptoms screened by the questionnaire, 4 workers(0. 6 %) met the case definition criteria. And among the 45 workers (6. 3 9o) referred to the immediate diagnosed system, 14 workers (l. 9 %) were Strongly suspected to have occupational dermatitis.
CONCLUSIONS
These prevalence rates were quite underestimated because of deficient recognition of the disease severity among the workers, reversibility of the target diseases, and life-threathening mood due to nationwide economic crisis and the socioeconomic withdrawal of each business. Ultimately, harmonized activities of government, industry, labor unions, volunteer organization and academy relating to occupational health in a community should be encouraged to do creative, consistent efforts for evolution and development of this first trial of ROSS.

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  • Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
    Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
    Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Urinary hippuric acid excretion by intake of food and drink
Jung Il Kim, Tae Hyuk Park, Kap Yeol Jung, Hai Rim Shin, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):516-526.   Published online December 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.516
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Urinary hippuric acid levels have been usually determined to ' evaluate workers exposed to toluene. Food and drink intake could affect urinary hippuric acid excretion and this study was carried out to investigate what kinds of food and drink would affect urinary hippuric acid excretion.
METHODS
The subjects were 136 medical school students. Authors measured urinary hippuric acid levels three times from 10 a. m. to noon; before, one hour after and two hours after food or drink-intake, and they were asked not to eat from the previous night (9 p. m) of testing. We selected six diets (bread and coffee, brown sauce noodle, Korean style meal, noodle, pork'galbi and rice and soybean stew and rice), six fruits (apple, grape, orange, pear, persimmon and plum) and five beverages (Alps-D(R), Demisoda(R), Orange juice(R), Pear juice(R) and Pocari sweat(R)). Analysis of urinary hippuric acid was performed by high performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS
Intake of popular Korean diets, fruits and some drinks didn' t affect urinary hippuric acid excretion. But intake of sodium benzoate-contained Alps-D(R) increased urinary hippuric acid excretion.
CONCLUSIONS
For the health examination on workers exposed to toluene, the history of diet and fruit intake can be negligible, but that of beverage intake should be included.

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Original Article
Need Assessment for Stage of Behavior Change in Workplace Health Promotion Strategy
Kang Sook Lee, Jung Wan Koo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Hyun Sook Hong, Joung Min Lee, Won Chul Lee, Chung Yill Park, O'Donnell, M , Kwang Ho Meung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):492-504.   Published online December 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.492
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
In order to evaluate the stage of behavior change for health promotion strategy in workplace METHODS: Questionnaire survey was carried out for 309 workers who employed in H Electronics company in Kyongin area from September to October 1998.
RESULTS
According to need assessment of four step such as precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, action stage, maintenance stage which were to change of behavior for health promotion, the percent for quitting smoking were observed 48.8%, 43.1%, 8.1%. 0 %, and for the restriction of drinking were 29.8%, 10.6%, 9.3%, 5.3%; for fitness 11.1%, 31.0%, 37.3%, 20.6% in male 26.6%, 27.8%, 26.6%, 19.0% in female, for regular diet 26.1%, 19.8%, 38.7%, 15.3% in male, 27.8%, 22.2%, 40.0%, 10.0 % in female and for stress management 5.8%, 10.6%, 8.7%, 75.0% in male, 13.6%. 22.7%, 19.7%, 44.0% in female. In heavy smoker (p=0.017) and heavy drinker, (p=0.021) the percent of precontemplation stage was significantly higher than in lower drinker and light smoker.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that company support for health promotion in workplace was weak and workers of high risk group for smoking and drinking were in precontemplation stage. So before conducting the health promotion program, health risk appraisal and need assessment for stage of behavior change should be taken for the efficient heath promotion strategy.

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  • Effects of a Tailored Health Promotion Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Middle-Aged and Advanced-Age Bus Drivers
    Gyu-Seok Hwang, Jae-Wook Choi, Seoung-Hyung Choi, Seoung-Gil Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim, Yong-Min Cho, Chungsik Yoon
    Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2012; 24(1): 117.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Effect of Noise Exposure and Age on the Changes of Group Mean Hearing Threshold Level: Annual Follow-up Studies for Seven Years
Ji Ho Lee, Choong Ryeol Lee, Cheol In Yoo, Seung Rim Yaang, Ok Hyun Kim, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee, Don Kyoun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):137-152.   Published online June 30, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.137
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of noise exposure and age on the changes of group mean hearing threshold level(HTL) over 7-year period. For this purpose, consecutive annual audiometric tests were performed from 1991 to 1997. among 718 male employees of a metal product manufacturing factory. The subjects were divided four groups as follows according to noise level category(NLC). NLC-I officer, exposed noise level was under 60 dB(A) of time weighted average(TWA) NLC-JI technical assistant or engineer, they exposed to workplace noise occasionally NLC-IJJ worker, exposed noise level was below 85 dB(A) of TWA. wore hearing protection device(earmuff or earplug) NLC-IV worker, exposed noise level was over 85 dB(A) of TWA, wore hearing protection device(earmuff and earplug). The results were as follows 1. The improvement of group mean HTL was continued until the fifth year, showing the peak at the third year. The magnitudes of this learning effect were 1.5 - 4.6 dB. 2. The mean HTL of each age group tended to increase after the third year and the tendency was more prominent at 4000 Hz. 3. In noise exposed group(NLC-II, III, and IV), mean HTL increased from the third year after decreasing, meanwhile, in noise free group(NLC-I). it was few changed for the entire period. Among the noise exposure group, the mean HTL of NLC-IV was lower than that of NLC-III and NLC-IV. 4. After learning effect, the mean increase of HTL in noise free group(NLC-I) was 0.4-1.7 dB that suggests aging effect, and that in noise exposure group(NLC-ll, III, and IV) was 0.9 -4.1 dB that suggests noise effect. 5. Statistical analysis of the general linear model implicated that the effect of age was statistically significant at 500, 3000, 4000 and 6000Hz. and the effect of noise exposure was statistically significant at all frequencies except 6000Hz. However, the age * noise interaction was not significant at all frequencies. From these results, it was concluded that the effect of age and noise exposure seems to affect the mean HTL independently and these two factors contribute to an additive effect for the mean HTL change. Furthermore, more concerns should be needed for hearing conservation of low level exposures without any specific protection.

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  • For 5-years the Longitudinal Study on the Effect of Noise Exposure and Aging to the Changes of Hearing Threshold Level
    Chang Ho Chae, Ja Hyun Kim, Jun Seok Son
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 573.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hearing Loss Using the Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Kyoo Sang Kim, Oh Jun Kwon
    Korean Journal of Audiology.2012; 16(2): 54.     CrossRef
  • Cohort study for the effect of chronic noise exposure on blood pressure among male workers in Busan, Korea
    Ji Ho Lee, Weechang Kang, Seung Rim Yaang, Nari Choy, Choong Ryeol Lee
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2009; 52(6): 509.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Occupational Health Status of the Small Scale Industries Participated in the 1997 Subsidiary Program on Health Care Management
Ji Yong Kim, Do Myung Peak, Eun Hee Kim, Eun Hi Ha, Sun Mean Kim, Jung Sun Park, Kyung Ja June, Hea Sun Jung, Hea Sook Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):33-51.   Published online March 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.33
AbstractAbstract PDF
The small scale industries in Korea are important in occupational health care management due to high accident rate and poor working condition. The authors surveyed the 4,811 small scale industries participated in the 1997 subsidiary program on health care management. The contents of survey were the general characteristics of the factory, the results of workers' general and occupational health examination, the results of workplace environmental monitoring, and the number of occupational accident and injured person at 1995 and 1996. We classified all industries by 67 groups. The prevalence of the general disease was higher in 'Manufacture of other fabricated metal productsj. rManufacture of textiles', 'Manufacture of basic metalsj. In occupational disease, that was higher in FManufacture of metal products', 'Manufacture of basic metals', so in environmental monitoring in 'Manufacture of textiles', 'Manufacture of other fabricated metal products' 'Printfrig' in occupational injuries in 'Manufacture of chemical products', 'Manufacture of basic metals'. However the factories of 'manufacture of motor vehicle', 'manufacture of machine and equipment', 'manufacture of electric product' in the program are large in magnitude, but less important in occupational health management. We observed that the prevalence of general disease, occupational disease, workplace environmental monitoring, occupational injuries of subsidized industries in 1996 were increased compared with those in 1995. and were larger than those of nationwide statistics. These phenomenon shows that the subsidiary health program for participated industries is important and to be urgent. We observed that the major groups in district were different and so the approaching method of each district must be various and different. And the health program manager should focus on the C grade in health examination and the action level in workplace monitoring more than the D grade and the permissible level.

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  • Participation inequality in the National General Health Examination based on enterprise size
    Young Joong Kang, Jong Heun Park, Huisu Eom, Bohwa Choi, Seyoung Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of health and safety problem recognition on small business facility investment
    Jisu Park, Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Jong-Tae Park, Dae-Sung Kim, Jongseo Kim, Hae-Joon Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2013;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Occupational Lead Exposure of Storage Battery Industry Workers in Korea
Pil Kyu Kang, Yong Bae Kim, Ik Soo Ahn, Jong Kyu Lee, Ku Seok Han, Hwa Sung Kim, Kyu Yoon Hwang, Gap Soo Lee, Kyu Dong Ahn, Byung Kook Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):438-449.   Published online December 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.438
AbstractAbstract PDF
In order to investigate the level of lead absorption of lead workers and to evaluate the effect of blood lead on blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and prevalence of lead related symptoms, 1,782 lead workers(male: 1,506, female: 276) from 8 storage battery industries were studied. Selected variables as indices of lead exposure were blood lead, blood ZPP, and hemoglobin (HB). Fifteen questionnaires of lead related symptoms were provided to all lead workers and filled up by themselves and confirmed by medical doctors. Personal variables such as age, work duration, smoking and drinking habits were also collected. The results were follows : 1. While the mean blood lead of lead workers of all lead companies was 31.0+/-3.0 ug/100ml (male: 31.5+/-2.9 ug/100ml, female: 27.9+/-3.3 ug/100m1), the mean blood ZPP of all lead workers was 66.7+/-4.1 ug/100ml (male: 59.6+/-3.3, female: 105.3+/-3.0 ug/100ml). The mean hemoglobin of male lead workers was 15.7+/-.3 gm/100ml and that of female lead workers was 13.0+/-.3 gm/100ml. 2. The percentage of lead workers whose blood lead was over 60.0 ug/100m1 and 40.0-59.9 ug/100ml was 2.81 % and 19.08 %, respectively. On the other hand, the percentage of lead workers whose blood ZPP was over 150 ug/100ml and 100-149 ug/100ml was 5.89 % and 8.31 %, respectively. 3. The slopes of simple linear regression of blood lead (independent variable) and blood ZPP in female lead workers was significantly steeper than that of male lead workers. The slope of storage battery industries with better working condition in terms of low air concentration of lead were less steeper than those with poor working condition with high mean air concentration of lead. 4. Stepwise multiple regression analysis, using overall symptom prevalence as a dependent variables, blood lead, blood ZPP, hemoglobin, age, work duration, drinking and smoking habits as independent variables, indicated that only drinking habit and age were significantly contributed to the dependent variable.

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  • Occupational Lead Exposure from Indoor Firing Ranges in Korea
    Won-Ju Park, Suk-Ho Lee, Se-Ho Lee, Hye-Sik Yoon, Jai-Dong Moon
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(4): 497.     CrossRef
  • Blood lead levels of Korean lead workers in 2003–2011
    Ji-Hye Kim, Eun-A Kim, Dong-Hee Koh, Kiwhan Byun, Hyang-Woo Ryu, Sang-Gil Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Sister-Chromatid Exchanges in Lymphocytes of Medical Students Exposed to Formaldehyde
Soo Jin Lee, Jeong Il Son, Sang Hyo Sim, Kee Young Kim, Jaecheol Song, Suo Ja Chu, Sung Han Shim, Youl Hee Cho, Doo Jin Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(2):282-289.   Published online May 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.2.282
AbstractAbstract PDF
Sister-chromatic exchanges measured in the peripheral lymphocytes of 15 non-smoking medical students after exposure to formaldehyde during a 24-week anatomy class showed a small but significant (p=0.0468) increase when compared with samples obtained from the same individuals immediately before exposure. Mean frequencies of sister-chromatic exchange of cultured peripheral lymphocytes were 5.40+/-0.24 from the samples before exposure and 5.87+/-0.22 from the same samples after exposure. Breathing-zone air samples collected by formaldehyde monitoring kit with digital colorimeter (SKC) showed a mean concentration of 0.72+/-0.02 ppm formaldehyde.

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  • The effect of formaldehyde on neurobehavioral performance of student during cadaver dissection
    Yong Sakong, Hee-Yoon Jo, In-Gook Lee, Kyeong-Soo Lee, Man-Joong Jun
    Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2016; 33(2): 85.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Effect of Mercury Chloride on Peritoneal Macrophage or EMT-6 cell from Balb/c mice
Dai Ha Koh, Jung Ho Youm, No Suk Ki, Gyung Jae Oh, Kuen Sang Kwon, Sung Yeup Kim, Nam Song Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):201-209.   Published online September 30, 1996
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.201
AbstractAbstract PDF
The effect of treatment of mercury chloride on the nitrite and nitrate synthesis was observed in peritoneal macrophages from Balb/c mice and EMT-6 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with cytokines. Amounts of nitrite and nitrate in the culture media after 24 and 36 hours of culture were about 2-fold, and 3-fold of those measured after 12 hours respectively. There were very close associations between the amounts of nitrite and nitrate measured in the culture media, according to culture time. The survival rate of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased by mercury chloride added into the media in dose-dependent manner, however the survivals of EMT-6 cells were not influenced by mercury chloride concentration in media. Nitrite and nitrate syntheses were dose-dependently decreased by mercury chloride added in culture media. These results reported here suggest that the disorder of cell mediated immunity by mercurials could be related to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis which seems to be caused by the inhibition of metabolism of cells.

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Original Article
A Study on the Practical Behavior of Health Care Managers at the Worksite
Jae Hee Lee, Jae Hoon Roh, Kyoo Sang Kim, Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):88-100.   Published online February 28, 1995
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.88
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to find out the characteristics, type of the duty and job satisfaction of health care managers at the worksite. The subjects of this study were 306 health care managers serving at worksite situated in Kyungin presently in 1994, concerning their job. Major depedent variables were health management, environmental management, and health planning related with health care managers' job; these variables were measured by nominal scale consisted of 9 items respectively. The collected data were analysed and some major results are as follows; 1. It appeared that according to the qualification of health care managers, nurses showed high performing rate in duty of health managerment and health planning, Industrial hygienist showed high performing rate relating to working environmemt managemant, and regarding their holding an additional post, the number of environmental managers held more an additionnal post than other qualified managers, thereby showing significant relatively, and however, no relation with qualification was there in decision making. 2. The performing rate relatiag to health management was significantly correlate with female, youth, unmarried, higher education, general affairs in post of duty, general employee in position, only duty of health, low monthly income and nurse. But, the performing rate relating to environmental management was significantly correlate with manufacturing industries, industrial health and safety committee, male, old age, married, long work duration, additional post, high monthly income, and hygienist and environmental managers. The performing rate relating to health planning was significantly correlate with the performing rate relating to health and environmental management, but the performing rate relating to health management was not significantly correlate with the performing rate relating to environmental management. 3. In multiple regression analysis, common major determinants of the performing duty relating to health management, environmental management and health planning were industrial health and safety committee, type of industry, education, and qualification of industry's health care managers. Additionally, age was selected as highly correlated with the performing duty relating to environmental management, and work duration and post of duty of health care managers in industry were selected as highly correlated with the performing duty relating to health planning, Based on the results indicated above, it could be understood that characteristics of the worksite-industrial health and safety committee, scale and types of industry, and characteristics of health care managers-age, education, post of duty, work duration and qualification had relations with their type of the duty. Therefore, it is required that the reference to the above-showing results such as guiding for them to precisely grasp their performing duty according to their qualification, heightening their participation in decision-making, extending the industrial health service, etc., operation and management of health care managers at the worksite should be made into being more efficient.

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  • Economic Evaluation of a Workplace Occupational Health Nursing Service: Based on Comparison with Atmospheric Environment Managing Engineer
    Hye-Sun Jung, Bokim Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(4): 507.     CrossRef
  • Job Analysis with IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) based on the Qualification of Occupational Health Managers Working in Manufacturing Work-sites
    Jung-Ah Yun, Soon-Lae Kim, Hye-Sun Jung
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(2): 159.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Korean Occupational Health Nurses' Work Conditions on their Performance
    Min Kwon, Soon-Lae Kim, Hye-Sun Jung, Hee-Girl Kim, Kyung-Lim Kim
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(1): 83.     CrossRef
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